College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
Molecules. 2023 May 15;28(10):4109. doi: 10.3390/molecules28104109.
Pine wood nematode (PWN), , is a major pathogen of pine wilt disease (PWD), which is a devastating disease affecting pine trees. Eco-friendly plant-derived nematicides against PWN have been considered as promising alternatives to control PWD. In this study, the ethyl acetate extracts of fruits and roots were confirmed to have significant nematicidal activity against PWN. Through bioassay-guided fractionations, eight nematicidal coumarins against PWN were separately isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of fruits and roots, and they were identified to be osthol (Compound ), xanthotoxin (Compound ), cindimine (Compound ), isopimpinellin (Compound ), marmesin (Compound ), isoimperatorin (Compound ), imperatorin (Compound ), and bergapten (Compound ) by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectral data analysis. Coumarins - were all determined to have inhibitory effects on the egg hatching, feeding ability, and reproduction of PWN. Moreover, all eight nematicidal coumarins could inhibit the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Ca ATPase of PWN. Cindimine from fruits showed the strongest nematicidal activity against PWN, with an LC value of 64 μM at 72 h, and the highest inhibitory effect on PWN vitality. In addition, bioassays on PWN pathogenicity demonstrated that the eight nematicidal coumarins could effectively relieve the wilt symptoms of black pine seedlings infected by PWN. The research identified several potent botanical nematicidal coumarins for use against PWN, which could contribute to the development of greener nematicides for PWD control.
松材线虫（PWN）是松材线虫病（PWD）的主要病原体，是一种严重危害松树的疾病。环保型植物源杀线虫剂被认为是防治 PWD 的有前途的替代品。在这项研究中，证实了 和 的乙酸乙酯提取物对 PWN 具有显著的杀线虫活性。通过生物测定指导的分离，分别从 和 的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离出 8 种杀线虫香豆素，通过质谱和核磁共振（NMR）光谱数据分析鉴定为蛇床子素（化合物 ）、花椒毒素（化合物 ）、辛米宁（化合物 ）、异茴芹素（化合物 ）、佛手柑素（化合物 ）、异欧前胡素（化合物 ）、欧前胡素（化合物 ）和补骨脂素（化合物 ）。香豆素 - 均被确定对 PWN 的卵孵化、摄食能力和繁殖具有抑制作用。此外，所有 8 种杀线虫香豆素均可抑制 PWN 的乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和 Ca ATPase。来自 的辛米宁对 PWN 表现出最强的杀线虫活性，在 72 h 时 LC 值为 64 μM，对 PWN 活力的抑制作用最强。此外，对 PWN 致病性的生物测定表明，这 8 种杀线虫香豆素可有效缓解受 PWN 感染的黑松幼苗的萎蔫症状。该研究鉴定出几种有效的植物源杀线虫香豆素，可用于防治 PWN，这有助于开发更环保的杀线虫剂来防治 PWD。
