Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan.
Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan.
Molecules. 2023 May 22;28(10):4238. doi: 10.3390/molecules28104238.
In this article, we present the first detailed analysis of the hydro-distilled essential oil (HDEO) of the inflorescence heads of Boiss. (Asteraceae) from the flora of Jordan, offering observations at different growth (pre-flowering, full-flowering and post-flowering) stages. Additionally, we investigated the methanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of the plant material at the full flowering stage in order to determine its inhibitory activity in terms of COX and protein denaturation and evaluate its antimicrobial effects against (Gram-positive) and (Gram-negative) bacteria. Performing GC/MS analysis of HDEO, obtained from the fresh inflorescence heads at the different growth stages, resulted in the identification of 192 constituents. The main class of compounds detected in these three stages comprised aliphatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which amounted to 50.04% (pre-flower), 40.28% (full-flower) and 41.34% (post-flower) of the total composition. The oils also contained appreciable amounts of oxygenated terpenoids, primarily sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids. The pre-flowering stage was dominated by (2E)-hexenal (8.03%) in addition to the oxygenated diterpene (6,10)-pseudo phytol (7.54%). The full-flowering stage primarily contained (6,10)-pseudo phytol (7.84%), β-bisabolene (7.53%, SH) and the diterpene hydrocarbon dolabradiene (5.50%). The major constituents detected in the HDEO obtained at the post-flowering stage included the oxygenated sesquiterpenoid intermedeol (5.53%), the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon ()-caryophyllene (5.01%) and (6,10)-pseudo phytol (4.47%). The methanolic extract obtained from air-dried aerial parts of displayed more COX-2 inhibition than COX-1 inhibition at a concentration level of 200 µg/mL. The extract exhibited a capacity to inhibit protein denaturation that was comparable with respect to the activity of diclofenac sodium and displayed moderate levels of antimicrobial activity against both bacterial species. The current results demonstrate the need to perform further detailed phytochemical investigations to isolate and characterize active constituents.
本文首次详细分析了来自约旦植物区系的 Boiss.（菊科）花序头的水蒸馏精油（HDEO），并观察了不同生长（开花前、盛花期和开花后期）阶段的情况。此外，我们还研究了在盛花期从植物材料的地上部分获得的甲醇提取物，以确定其在 COX 和蛋白质变性方面的抑制活性，并评估其对 （革兰氏阳性）和 （革兰氏阴性）细菌的抗菌作用。对从不同生长阶段的新鲜花序头获得的 HDEO 进行 GC/MS 分析，结果鉴定出 192 种成分。这三个阶段检测到的主要化合物类为脂肪族烃及其衍生物，占总组成的 50.04%（开花前）、40.28%（盛花期）和 41.34%（开花后期）。这些油还含有相当数量的含氧萜类化合物，主要为倍半萜类和二萜类。开花前阶段以（2E）-己烯醛（8.03%）为主，此外还有含氧二萜（6,10）-假叶醇（7.54%）。盛花期主要含有（6,10）-假叶醇（7.84%）、β- 法呢烯（7.53%，SH）和二萜烃 dolabradiene（5.50%）。开花后期获得的 HDEO 中检测到的主要成分包括含氧倍半萜中间体（5.53%）、倍半萜烃 （）-石竹烯（5.01%）和（6,10）-假叶醇（4.47%）。从风干的地上部分获得的甲醇提取物在 200 µg/mL 浓度下对 COX-2 的抑制作用强于 COX-1。该提取物具有抑制蛋白质变性的能力，与双氯芬酸钠的活性相当，并对两种细菌均表现出中等水平的抗菌活性。目前的结果表明，有必要进行进一步的详细植物化学研究，以分离和鉴定活性成分。
