Department of Veterinary Medicine, Surgery and Radiology, University of Jos, Jos 930001, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria 810211, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Viruses. 2023 Apr 25;15(5):1051. doi: 10.3390/v15051051.
Lumpy Skin disease (LSD) is an economically important disease in cattle caused by the LSD virus (LSDV) of the genus , while pseudocowpox (PCP) is a widely distributed zoonotic cattle disease caused by the PCP virus (PCPV) of the genus . Though both viral pox infections are reportedly present in Nigeria, similarities in their clinical presentation and limited access to laboratories often lead to misdiagnosis in the field. This study investigated suspected LSD outbreaks in organized and transhumance cattle herds in Nigeria in 2020. A total of 42 scab/skin biopsy samples were collected from 16 outbreaks of suspected LSD in five northern States of Nigeria. The samples were analyzed using a high-resolution multiplex melting (HRM) assay to differentiate poxviruses belonging to , , and genera. LSDV was characterized using four gene segments, namely the RNA polymerase 30 kDa subunit (RPO30), G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the extracellular enveloped virus (EEV) glycoprotein and CaPV homolog of the variola virus B22R. Likewise, the partial B2L gene of PCPV was also analyzed. Nineteen samples (45.2%) were positive according to the HRM assay for LSDV, and five (11.9%) were co-infected with LSDV and PCPV. The multiple sequence alignments of the GPCR, EEV, and B22R showed 100% similarity among the Nigerian LSDV samples, unlike the RPO30 phylogeny, which showed two clusters. Some of the Nigerian LSDVs clustered within LSDV SG II were with commonly circulating LSDV field isolates in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe, while the remaining Nigerian LSDVs produced a unique sub-group. The B2L sequences of Nigerian PCPVs were 100% identical and clustered within the PCPV group containing cattle/Reindeer isolates, close to PCPVs from Zambia and Botswana. The results show the diversity of Nigerian LSDV strains. This paper also reports the first documented co-infection of LSDV and PCPV in Nigeria.
块状皮肤病（LSD）是一种在牛中造成严重经济损失的疾病，由块状皮肤病病毒（LSDV）引起，而假性牛痘（PCP）是一种广泛分布的牛种人畜共患病，由假性牛痘病毒（PCPV）引起。尽管这两种病毒性痘感染据称都存在于尼日利亚，但由于临床表现相似且实验室资源有限，导致现场误诊。本研究调查了 2020 年尼日利亚有组织和迁徙牛群中疑似 LSD 暴发情况。从尼日利亚北部五个州的 16 起疑似 LSD 暴发中收集了 42 个结痂/皮肤活检样本。使用高分辨率多重熔解（HRM）分析来区分属于、和种的痘病毒。使用四个基因片段对 LSDV 进行了特征描述，即 RNA 聚合酶 30kDa 亚基（RPO30）、G 蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）、细胞外包膜病毒（EEV）糖蛋白和天花病毒 B22R 的牛痘同源物。同样，还分析了 PCPV 的部分 B2L 基因。根据 HRM 分析，19 个样本（45.2%）为 LSDV 阳性，5 个样本（11.9%）为 LSDV 和 PCPV 混合感染。GPCR、EEV 和 B22R 的多重序列比对显示，尼日利亚 LSDV 样本之间具有 100%的相似性，与 RPO30 系统发育不同，后者显示出两个聚类。一些尼日利亚 LSDV 聚类在与非洲、中东和欧洲常见的 LSDV 田间分离株属于 LSDV SG II 内，而其余的尼日利亚 LSDV 产生了一个独特的亚群。尼日利亚 PCPV 的 B2L 序列完全相同，聚类在包含牛/驯鹿分离株的 PCPV 组内，与赞比亚和博茨瓦纳的 PCPV 接近。结果表明尼日利亚 LSDV 株系具有多样性。本文还报道了尼日利亚首次记录的 LSDV 和 PCPV 混合感染。
