Venu Emmadi, Ramya Akurathi, Babu Pedapudi Lokesh, Srinivas Bhukya, Kumar Sathiyaseelan, Reddy Namburi Karunakar, Babu Yeluru Mohan, Majumdar Anik, Manik Suryakant
Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India.
Department of Plant Pathology, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh 362001, India.
Viruses. 2024 Dec 31;17(1):49. doi: 10.3390/v17010049.
The increasing challenges posed by plant viral diseases demand innovative and sustainable management strategies to minimize agricultural losses. Exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) represents a transformative approach to combat plant viral pathogens without the need for genetic transformation. This review explores the mechanisms underlying dsRNA-induced RNAi, highlighting its ability to silence specific viral genes through small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Key advancements in dsRNA production, including cost-effective microbial synthesis and in vitro methods, are examined alongside delivery techniques such as spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS) and nanocarrier-based systems. Strategies for enhancing dsRNA stability, including the use of nanomaterials like layered double hydroxide nanosheets and carbon dots, are discussed to address environmental degradation challenges. Practical applications of this technology against various plant viruses and its potential to ensure food security are emphasized. The review also delves into regulatory considerations, risk assessments, and the challenges associated with off-target effects and pathogen resistance. By evaluating both opportunities and limitations, this review underscores the role of exogenous dsRNA as a sustainable solution for achieving viral disease resistance in plants.
植物病毒病带来的挑战日益增加，这就需要创新且可持续的管理策略，以尽量减少农业损失。外源性双链RNA（dsRNA）介导的RNA干扰（RNAi）是一种变革性方法，无需基因转化就能对抗植物病毒病原体。本综述探讨了dsRNA诱导RNAi的潜在机制，强调了其通过小干扰RNA（siRNA）使特定病毒基因沉默的能力。研究了dsRNA生产方面的关键进展，包括具有成本效益的微生物合成和体外方法，同时还研究了诸如喷雾诱导基因沉默（SIGS）和基于纳米载体的系统等递送技术。讨论了增强dsRNA稳定性的策略，包括使用层状双氢氧化物纳米片和碳点等纳米材料，以应对环境降解挑战。强调了该技术针对各种植物病毒的实际应用及其确保粮食安全的潜力。本综述还深入探讨了监管考量、风险评估以及与脱靶效应和病原体抗性相关的挑战。通过评估机遇和局限性，本综述强调了外源性dsRNA作为实现植物抗病毒病可持续解决方案的作用。
