Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Institute of Phytopathology, Centre for BioSystems, Land Use and Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2021 Aug;70:136-142. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.04.001. Epub 2021 May 14.
Growing evidence indicates that RNAi is an effective control strategy for agronomically important fungi. To implement RNAi-based crop protection strategies, dsRNA molecules are either sprayed on foliage or generated by genetically engineered plants. Here, we summarize current knowledge of the mechanisms governing dsRNA uptake and RNAi-mediated gene silencing in fungi, as well as the factors that influence these phenomena. Of primary importance is dsRNA design, as identifying an appropriate gene for silencing and determining which region of the gene to target are critical for maximizing efficiency. Strategies for enhancing dsRNA uptake, potentially by using formulations and/or carriers that prevent dsRNA degradation by (a)biotic factors and possibly facilitate translocation, also are a key consideration. Finally, determining whether the fungal pathogen of interest contains a functional RNAi machinery is a major consideration. Integrated experimental confirmation of these important factors is necessary for the successful development of crop protection strategies against fungal pathogens.
越来越多的证据表明，RNAi 是一种控制农艺重要真菌的有效策略。为了实施基于 RNAi 的作物保护策略，可以将 dsRNA 分子喷洒在叶片上，也可以通过基因工程植物生成。在这里，我们总结了目前关于 dsRNA 摄取以及真菌中 RNAi 介导的基因沉默的机制的知识，以及影响这些现象的因素。dsRNA 的设计是首要的，因为确定要沉默的合适基因以及确定要针对该基因的哪个区域对于最大限度地提高效率至关重要。增强 dsRNA 摄取的策略也很重要，这可能需要使用制剂和/或载体来防止 dsRNA 被（非）生物因素降解，并可能促进其转运。最后，确定感兴趣的真菌病原体是否含有功能性 RNAi 机制也是一个主要的考虑因素。这些重要因素的综合实验验证对于成功开发针对真菌病原体的作物保护策略是必要的。
