Ehrlich Katherine B, Lyle Sarah M, Corallo Kelsey L, Brisson Julie M, Wiggins Elizabeth R, Yu Tianyi, Chen Edith, Miller Gregory E, Brody Gene H
Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2024 Mar;65(3):358-364. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13840. Epub 2023 May 29.
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a risk factor for poor outcomes across development. Recent evidence suggests that, although psychosocial resilience among youth living in low-SES households is common, such expressions of resilience may not extend to physical health. Questions remain about when these diverging mental and physical health trajectories emerge. The current study hypothesized that skin-deep resilience - a pattern wherein socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to better mental health but worse physical health for individuals with John Henryism high-effort coping - is already present in childhood.
Analyses focus on 165 Black and Latinx children (M = 11.5) who were free of chronic disease and able to complete study procedures. Guardians provided information about their SES. Children reported on their John Henryism high-effort coping behaviors. They also provided reports of their depressed and anxious mood, which were combined into a composite of internalizing symptoms. Children's cardiometabolic risk was captured as a composite reflecting high levels of systolic or diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, HbA1c, triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Among youth who reported using John Henryism high-effort coping, SES risk was unrelated to internalizing symptoms and was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk. In contrast, for youth who did not engage in high-effort coping, SES risk was positively associated with internalizing symptoms and was unrelated to cardiometabolic risk.
For youth with high-effort coping tendencies, socioeconomic disadvantage is linked to cardiometabolic risk. Public health efforts to support at-risk youth must consider both mental and physical health consequences associated with striving in challenging contexts.
社会经济地位低下是影响个体发展结局的一个风险因素。最近的证据表明，尽管生活在社会经济地位低下家庭中的青少年具有心理社会适应力很常见，但这种适应力的表现可能并不延伸至身体健康方面。关于这些不同的心理健康和身体健康轨迹何时出现，仍存在疑问。当前的研究假设，表面适应力——一种社会经济劣势与具有约翰·亨利主义高强度应对方式的个体更好的心理健康但更差的身体健康相关联的模式——在儿童期就已存在。
分析聚焦于165名无慢性病且能够完成研究程序的黑人和拉丁裔儿童（平均年龄 = 11.5岁）。监护人提供了有关他们社会经济地位的信息。孩子们报告了他们的约翰·亨利主义高强度应对行为。他们还报告了自己的抑郁和焦虑情绪，这些被合并为内化症状的综合指标。儿童的心脏代谢风险被作为一个综合指标来衡量，该指标反映收缩压或舒张压、腰围、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯以及低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的高水平。
在报告采用约翰·亨利主义高强度应对方式的青少年中，社会经济地位风险与内化症状无关，且与心脏代谢风险呈正相关。相比之下，对于未采用高强度应对方式的青少年，社会经济地位风险与内化症状呈正相关，且与心脏代谢风险无关。
对于有高强度应对倾向的青少年，社会经济劣势与心脏代谢风险相关。支持高危青少年的公共卫生工作必须考虑在具有挑战性的环境中努力奋斗所带来的心理健康和身体健康后果。
