Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Brehan, Ethiopia.
Department of Pediatric and Child Health Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Brehan, Ethiopia.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2023 May 30;42(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s41043-023-00393-3.
Diabetes is a major global public health problem that requires self-management behavior. However, this is difficult to implement in practice and requires new approaches. The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutritional promotion interventions for dietary adherence and lessons learned to improve self-management.
A quasi-experimental study was conducted from January 2020 to February 2021 in North Shoa Zone public hospital. The study enrolled 216 type II diabetic patients from four public hospitals. Study participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups at an individual level. Data were measured twice (baseline and end line survey after six months using interviewer-administered questionnaires). Data were entered into Epi Data V.3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Data were presented as means of standard deviations for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. Intervention and control groups were compared before and after intervention using independent t tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant for all statistical tests.
A total of 216 type II diabetics participated in this study. Nutritional promotion intervention programs increased adherence to the mean number of days adhering to a healthy diet (p < 0.0001). Specifically, the nutrition promotion program improved daily intake of fruits and vegetables, low glycemic index foods, high fiber foods, healthy fish oils, low sugar foods, and healthy eating plans (p ≤ 0.050). Mean fasting blood glucose levels were significantly decreased after the educational intervention (p ≤ 0.05).
This study demonstrates that a nutrition-promoting intervention can significantly change patients' adherence to healthy eating behaviors and effectively improve their glycemic control. Health care providers should integrate programs that promote nutrition education into existing health systems service. Primary care platforms such as health posts and health centers can play a key role in integrating health promotion programs to improve self-management behaviors.
糖尿病是一个全球性的重大公共卫生问题，需要自我管理行为。然而，这在实践中很难实施，需要新的方法。本研究的目的是评估营养促进干预措施对饮食依从性的影响，并吸取经验教训以改善自我管理。
本研究于 2020 年 1 月至 2021 年 2 月在北绍阿地区公立医院进行了一项准实验研究。研究纳入了来自四家公立医院的 216 例 2 型糖尿病患者。研究对象以个体为单位随机分配到干预组和对照组。使用访谈者管理的问卷在基线和六个月后的终线调查中两次测量数据。数据输入 Epi Data V.3.1 并使用 SPSS 版本 22 进行分析。数据以连续变量的均值和标准差表示，以分类变量的百分比表示。使用独立 t 检验比较干预前后干预组和对照组。所有统计检验的 p 值均小于 0.05 被认为具有统计学意义。
共有 216 例 2 型糖尿病患者参加了本研究。营养促进干预方案增加了健康饮食的平均依从天数（p<0.0001）。具体而言，营养促进方案改善了每日水果和蔬菜、低血糖指数食物、高纤维食物、健康鱼油、低糖食物和健康饮食计划的摄入量（p≤0.050）。教育干预后空腹血糖水平显著降低（p≤0.05）。
本研究表明，营养促进干预可以显著改变患者对健康饮食行为的依从性，并有效改善血糖控制。卫生保健提供者应将促进营养教育的方案纳入现有的卫生系统服务中。初级保健平台，如卫生所和保健中心，可以在整合健康促进方案以改善自我管理行为方面发挥关键作用。
