MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023 Jun 2;72(22):601-605. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7222a3.
Changes in testing behaviors and reporting requirements have hampered the ability to estimate the U.S. SARS-CoV-2 incidence (1). Hybrid immunity (immunity derived from both previous infection and vaccination) has been reported to provide better protection than that from infection or vaccination alone (2). To estimate the incidence of infection and the prevalence of infection- or vaccination-induced antibodies (or both), data from a nationwide, longitudinal cohort of blood donors were analyzed. During the second quarter of 2021 (April-June), an estimated 68.4% of persons aged ≥16 years had infection- or vaccination-induced SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including 47.5% from vaccination alone, 12.0% from infection alone, and 8.9% from both. By the third quarter of 2022 (July-September), 96.4% had SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from previous infection or vaccination, including 22.6% from infection alone and 26.1% from vaccination alone; 47.7% had hybrid immunity. Prevalence of hybrid immunity was lowest among persons aged ≥65 years (36.9%), the group with the highest risk for severe disease if infected, and was highest among those aged 16-29 years (59.6%). Low prevalence of infection-induced and hybrid immunity among older adults reflects the success of public health infection prevention efforts while also highlighting the importance of older adults staying up to date with recommended COVID-19 vaccination, including at least 1 bivalent dose.*.
检测行为和报告要求的变化阻碍了估算美国 SARS-CoV-2 发病率的能力(1)。混合免疫(由先前感染和接种疫苗产生的免疫)已被报道提供比单独感染或接种疫苗更好的保护(2)。为了估计感染的发病率和感染或接种诱导的抗体(或两者兼有)的流行率,对来自全国性纵向献血者队列的数据进行了分析。在 2021 年第二季度(4 月至 6 月),估计≥16 岁的人中,有 68.4%的人具有感染或接种诱导的 SARS-CoV-2 抗体,其中 47.5%来自单独接种疫苗,12.0%来自单独感染,8.9%来自两者兼有。到 2022 年第三季度(7 月至 9 月),96.4%的人以前感染或接种过 SARS-CoV-2 抗体,其中 22.6%来自单独感染,26.1%来自单独接种疫苗;47.7%的人具有混合免疫力。混合免疫力的流行率在≥65 岁的人群中最低(36.9%),这是感染后发生严重疾病风险最高的人群,在 16-29 岁的人群中最高(59.6%)。老年人中感染诱导和混合免疫力的低流行率反映了公共卫生感染预防工作的成功,同时也强调了老年人及时接种推荐的 COVID-19 疫苗的重要性,包括至少 1 剂二价疫苗*。
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