Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2023 Jun 1;55(7):1052-1063. doi: 10.3724/abbs.2023099.
Phase separation provides a general mechanism for the formation of biomolecular condensates, and it plays a vital role in regulating diverse cellular processes, including gene expression. Although the role of transcription factors and coactivators in regulating transcription has long been understood, how phase separation is involved in this process is just beginning to be explored. In this review, we highlight recent advance in elucidating the molecular mechanisms and functions of transcriptional condensates in gene expression control. We discuss the different condensates formed at each stage of the transcription cycle and how they are dynamically regulated in response to diverse cellular and extracellular cues that cause rapid changes in gene expression. Furthermore, we present new findings regarding the dysregulation of transcription condensates and their implications in human diseases.
相分离为生物分子凝聚物的形成提供了一种普遍的机制，并在调节包括基因表达在内的多种细胞过程中起着至关重要的作用。尽管转录因子和共激活因子在调节转录中的作用早已被人们所理解，但相分离如何参与这一过程才刚刚开始被探索。在这篇综述中，我们强调了阐明转录凝聚物在基因表达调控中的分子机制和功能的最新进展。我们讨论了在转录周期的每个阶段形成的不同凝聚物，以及它们如何响应导致基因表达快速变化的各种细胞内和细胞外信号而被动态调节。此外，我们还介绍了转录凝聚物失调及其在人类疾病中的意义的新发现。
