Han Ye-Ji, Jang Eun-Hee, Lee Seungmin
Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2023 Jun;17(3):516-528. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.3.516. Epub 2023 Jan 5.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The diversity of meal provision places has increased in recent years and sodium intake can vary depending on where meals are eaten, particularly in large cities. In this study, an analysis of the recent trends in sodium intake was performed and a comparison of sodium intake level according to meal provision place among citizens of Seoul was performed.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: Data from a 24-h recall dietary intake survey from the 2010-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used in order to determine the trends in sodium intake among citizens of Seoul, aged 3-74 years old. (n = 11,811). The trend of daily sodium intake was presented in absolute amount and proportion compared to the chronic disease risk reduction intake (CDRR) for each selected characteristic. A comparison of sodium intake level according to meal provision place by sex and age groups as a total amount per meal (mg), density per meal (mg/1,000 kcal), and proportion of the daily sodium intake was performed using the 2016-2019 KNHANES.
Sodium intake levels showed a downward trend from 2010-2019. The highest level of sodium intake was observed for subjects aged 30-49, and the level for males aged 30-49 was 202.8% higher than the CDRR. Results of the analysis of sodium intake per meal according to meal provision place showed that the highest sodium intake was in the order of restaurant meal (RM) > institutional foodservice (IF) > home meal (HM) > convenience food (CF). A higher sodium density (mg/1,000 kcal) was observed for IF compared with RM in most adults. Adults aged over 50 years old consumed more than half of the daily sodium in HM.
Significant variation in the level of sodium intake was observed according to sex and age groups, therefore, different approaches and nutrition policies based on meal provision place are needed.
背景/目的：近年来，用餐场所的多样性有所增加，钠摄入量可能因用餐地点而异，尤其是在大城市。本研究分析了钠摄入量的近期趋势，并比较了首尔市民按用餐场所划分的钠摄入量水平。
对象/方法：使用2010 - 2019年韩国国家健康与营养检查调查（KNHANES）中24小时回顾性膳食摄入调查的数据，以确定3 - 74岁首尔市民的钠摄入量趋势（n = 11,811）。按每个选定特征，以绝对量和与慢性病风险降低摄入量（CDRR）相比的比例呈现每日钠摄入量趋势。使用2016 - 2019年KNHANES，按性别和年龄组比较用餐场所的钠摄入量水平，以每餐总量（毫克）、每餐密度（毫克/1000千卡）和每日钠摄入量的比例进行。
2010 - 2019年钠摄入量水平呈下降趋势。30 - 49岁人群的钠摄入量最高，30 - 49岁男性的摄入量比CDRR高202.8%。按用餐场所分析每餐钠摄入量的结果显示，钠摄入量最高的顺序为餐厅用餐（RM）>机构餐饮服务（IF）>家庭用餐（HM）>方便食品（CF）。在大多数成年人中，IF的钠密度（毫克/1000千卡）高于RM。50岁以上成年人在家用餐中摄入的钠占每日钠摄入量的一半以上。
观察到钠摄入量水平因性别和年龄组存在显著差异，因此，需要基于用餐场所采取不同方法和营养政策。
