Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
Mod Pathol. 2023 Aug;36(8):100236. doi: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100236. Epub 2023 Jun 1.
Pathologists are an integral part of One Health as they are a critical component of the multidisciplinary team that diagnoses zoonotic diseases and discovers emerging pathogens. Both human and veterinary pathologists are uniquely positioned to identify clusters or trends in patient populations that can be caused by an infectious agent and preface emerging outbreaks. The repository of tissue samples available to pathologists is an invaluable resource that can be used to investigate a variety of pathogens. One Health is an encompassing approach that focuses on optimizing the health of humans, animals (domesticated and sylvatic), and the ecosystem, including plants, water, and vectors. In this integrated and balanced approach, multiple disciplines and sectors from local and global communities work together to promote overall well-being of the 3 components and address threats such as emerging infectious diseases and zoonoses. Zoonoses are defined as infectious diseases that are spread between animals and humans through different mechanisms, including direct contact, food, water, vectors, or fomites. This review highlights examples in which human and veterinary pathologists were an integral part of the multisectoral team that identified uncommon etiologic agents or pathologies that had not been elucidated clinically. As the team discovers an emerging infectious disease, pathologists develop and validate tests for epidemiologic and clinical use and provide surveillance data on these diseases. They define the pathogenesis and pathology that these new diseases cause. This review also presents examples that demonstrate the crucial role pathologists play in diagnosing zoonoses that have an impact on the food supply and the economy.
病理学家是“One Health”的重要组成部分，因为他们是多学科团队的关键组成部分，负责诊断人畜共患疾病并发现新出现的病原体。人类病理学家和兽医病理学家都能够识别出可能由传染病原体引起的患者群体中的集群或趋势，并预测新的疫情爆发。病理学家可以利用其可获得的组织样本库，来调查各种病原体。“One Health”是一种全面的方法，侧重于优化人类、动物（家养和野生动物）和生态系统（包括植物、水和媒介）的健康。在这种综合和平衡的方法中，来自地方和全球社区的多个学科和部门共同努力，促进这三个组成部分的整体健康，并应对新出现的传染病和人畜共患疾病等威胁。人畜共患疾病是指通过直接接触、食物、水、媒介或污染物等不同机制在动物和人类之间传播的传染病。这篇综述强调了人类病理学家和兽医病理学家作为多部门团队的重要组成部分，发现了以前未在临床上阐明的不常见病因或病理的例子。随着团队发现新的传染病，病理学家开发和验证了用于流行病学和临床应用的检测方法，并提供这些疾病的监测数据。他们定义了这些新疾病引起的发病机制和病理学。这篇综述还举例说明了病理学家在诊断影响食品供应和经济的人畜共患疾病方面发挥的关键作用。
