氟雷拉纳对传播恰加斯病病原体的三锥象属昆虫的全身治疗会导致其死亡。
Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease.
机构信息
Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
Schubot Center for Avian Health, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2023 Jun 2;16(1):178. doi: 10.1186/s13071-023-05805-1.
BACKGROUND
Chagas disease remains a persistent vector-borne neglected tropical disease throughout the Americas and threatens both human and animal health. Diverse control methods have been used to target triatomine vector populations, with household insecticides being the most common. As an alternative to environmental sprays, host-targeted systemic insecticides (or endectocides) allow for application of chemicals to vertebrate hosts, resulting in toxic blood meals for arthropods (xenointoxication). In this study, we evaluated three systemic insecticide products for their ability to kill triatomines.
METHODS
Chickens were fed the insecticides orally, following which triatomines were allowed to feed on the treated chickens. The insecticide products tested included: Safe-Guard® Aquasol (fenbendazole), Ivomec® Pour-On (ivermectin) and Bravecto® (fluralaner). Triatoma gerstaeckeri nymphs were allowed to feed on insecticide-live birds at 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days post-treatment. The survival and feeding status of the T. gerstaeckeri insects were recorded and analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and logistic regression.
RESULTS
Feeding on fluralaner-treated chickens resulted 50-100% mortality in T. gerstaeckeri over the first 14 days post-treatment but not later; in contrast, all insects that fed on fenbendazole- and ivermectin-treated chickens survived. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ) analysis, used to detect the concentration of fluralaner and fenbendazole in chicken plasma, revealed the presence of fluralaner in plasma at 3, 7, and 14 days post-treatment but not later, with the highest concentrations found at 3 and 7 days post-treatment. However, fenbendazole concentration was below the limit of detection at all time points.
CONCLUSIONS
Xenointoxication using fluralaner in poultry is a potential new tool for integrated vector control to reduce risk of Chagas disease.
背景
恰加斯病仍然是美洲各地持续存在的媒介传播的被忽视的热带病，威胁着人类和动物的健康。已经使用了多种控制方法来针对三锥虫媒介种群，其中家用杀虫剂最为常见。作为环境喷雾的替代方法，以宿主为目标的系统性杀虫剂（或内寄生虫）允许将化学品应用于脊椎动物宿主，从而导致节肢动物（异源中毒）有毒的血液餐。在这项研究中，我们评估了三种系统性杀虫剂产品杀死三锥虫的能力。
方法
鸡通过口服摄入杀虫剂，然后允许三锥虫叮咬处理过的鸡。测试的杀虫剂产品包括：Safe-Guard®Aquasol（芬苯达唑）、Ivomec®Pour-On（伊维菌素）和Bravecto®（氟拉纳菌素）。在处理后 0、3、7、14、28 和 56 天，允许三锥属 gerstaeckeri 若虫叮咬杀虫剂活鸡。记录并使用 Kaplan-Meier 曲线和逻辑回归分析三锥属 gerstaeckeri 昆虫的存活和进食状态。
结果
在处理后 14 天内，以氟拉纳菌素处理过的鸡喂食会导致三锥属 gerstaeckeri 50-100%的死亡率，但之后不再发生；相比之下，所有以芬苯达唑和伊维菌素处理过的鸡喂食的昆虫都存活下来。用于检测鸡血浆中氟拉纳菌素和芬苯达唑浓度的液相色谱串联质谱（LC-QQQ）分析显示，在处理后 3、7 和 14 天可以检测到氟拉纳菌素在血浆中的存在，但之后不再存在，在处理后 3 和 7 天发现的浓度最高。然而，在所有时间点，芬苯达唑的浓度均低于检测限。
结论
家禽中使用氟拉纳菌素的异源中毒是减少恰加斯病风险的综合病媒控制的一种潜在新工具。
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