Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Parramatta, NSW, Australia.
BMC Oral Health. 2023 Jun 3;23(1):354. doi: 10.1186/s12903-023-03073-0.
Tricalcium silicate is the main component of commercial bioceramic cements that are widely used in endodontic treatment. Calcium carbonate, which is manufactured from limestone, is one of the substrates of tricalcium silicate. To avoid the environmental impact of mining, calcium carbonate can be obtained from biological sources, such as shelled mollusks, one of which is cockle shell. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the chemical, physical, and biological properties of a newly developed bioceramic cement derived from cockle shell (BioCement) with those of a commercial tricalcium silicate cement (Biodentine).
BioCement was prepared from cockle shells and rice husk ash and its chemical composition was determined by X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. The physical properties were evaluated following the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9917-1;2007 and 6876;2012. The pH was tested after 3 h to 8 weeks. The biological properties were assessed using extraction medium from BioCement and Biodentine on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) in vitro. The 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2 H-tetrazolium hydroxide assay was used to evaluate cell cytotoxicity following ISO 10993-5;2009. Cell migration was examined using a wound healing assay. Alizarin red staining was performed to detect osteogenic differentiation. The data were tested for a normal distribution. Once confirmed, the physical properties and pH data were analyzed using the independent t-test, and the biological property data were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparisons test at a 5% significance level.
The main components of BioCement and Biodentine were calcium and silicon. BioCement's and Biodentine's setting time and compressive strength were not different. The radiopacity of BioCement and Biodentine was 5.00 and 3.92 mmAl, respectively (p < 0.05). BioCement's solubility was significantly higher than Biodentine. Both materials exhibited alkalinity (pH ranged from 9 to 12) and demonstrated > 90% cell viability with cell proliferation. The highest mineralization was found in the BioCement group at 7 days (p < 0.05).
BioCement exhibited acceptable chemical and physical properties and was biocompatible to human dental pulp cells. BioCement promotes pulp cell migration and osteogenic differentiation.
硅酸三钙是广泛应用于牙髓治疗的商业生物陶瓷水泥的主要成分。碳酸钙是硅酸三钙的基质之一，由石灰岩制成。为避免开采对环境的影响，碳酸钙可以从贝壳等生物来源获得，其中一种是贻贝壳。本研究旨在评估和比较一种新型贻贝壳衍生生物陶瓷水泥（BioCement）与商业硅酸三钙水泥（Biodentine）的化学、物理和生物学特性。
BioCement 由贻贝壳和稻壳灰制成，其化学成分通过 X 射线衍射和 X 射线荧光光谱法确定。物理性能按照国际标准化组织（ISO）9917-1；2007 和 6876；2012 进行评估。测试 pH 值在 3 h 到 8 周时的变化。通过体外人牙髓细胞（hDPCs）的 BioCement 和 Biodentine 提取液评估生物学特性。根据 ISO 10993-5；2009 采用 2,3-双（2-甲氧基-4-硝基-5-磺苯基）-5-[(苯氨基）羰基]-2 H-四唑鎓氢氧化物测定法评估细胞细胞毒性。采用划痕愈合试验检测细胞迁移。茜素红染色检测成骨分化。数据进行正态分布检验。一旦确认，使用独立 t 检验分析物理性能和 pH 值数据，使用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 多重比较检验分析生物学特性数据，显著性水平为 5%。
BioCement 和 Biodentine 的主要成分是钙和硅。BioCement 和 Biodentine 的凝固时间和抗压强度无差异。BioCement 和 Biodentine 的射线不透性分别为 5.00 和 3.92 mmAl（p < 0.05）。BioCement 的溶解度明显高于 Biodentine。两种材料均呈碱性（pH 值范围为 9 至 12），细胞增殖率均>90%。7 天时，BioCement 组矿化程度最高（p < 0.05）。
BioCement 表现出可接受的化学和物理性能，对人牙髓细胞具有生物相容性。BioCement 促进牙髓细胞迁移和成骨分化。
