Zhang Hongjian, Wu Chengtie
State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.
Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
Int J Bioprint. 2023 Mar 10;9(3):706. doi: 10.18063/ijb.706. eCollection 2023.
Neurovascular networks play significant roles in the metabolism and regeneration of many tissues and organs in the human body. Blood vessels can transport sufficient oxygen, nutrients, and biological factors, while nerve fibers transmit excitation signals to targeted cells. However, traditional scaffolds cannot satisfy the requirement of stimulating angiogenesis and innervation in a timely manner due to the complexity of host neurovascular networks. Three-dimensional (3D) printing, as a versatile and favorable technique, provides an effective approach to fabricating biological scaffolds with biomimetic architectures and multimaterial compositions, which are capable of regulating multiple cell behaviors. This review paper presents a summary of the current progress in 3D-printed biomaterials for vascularized and innervated tissue regeneration by presenting skin, bone, and skeletal muscle tissues as an example. In addition, we highlight the crucial roles of blood vessels and nerve fibers in the process of tissue regeneration and discuss the future perspectives for engineering novel biomaterials. It is expected that 3D-printed biomaterials with angiogenesis and innervation properties can not only recapitulate the physiological microenvironment of damaged tissues but also rapidly integrate with host neurovascular networks, resulting in accelerated functional tissue regeneration.
神经血管网络在人体许多组织和器官的新陈代谢及再生过程中发挥着重要作用。血管能够输送充足的氧气、营养物质和生物因子，而神经纤维则将兴奋信号传递给靶细胞。然而，由于宿主神经血管网络的复杂性，传统支架无法满足及时刺激血管生成和神经支配的需求。三维（3D）打印作为一种通用且有利的技术，为制造具有仿生结构和多材料组成的生物支架提供了一种有效方法，这些支架能够调节多种细胞行为。本文以皮肤、骨骼和骨骼肌组织为例，综述了用于血管化和神经化组织再生的3D打印生物材料的当前进展。此外，我们强调了血管和神经纤维在组织再生过程中的关键作用，并讨论了工程新型生物材料的未来前景。预计具有血管生成和神经支配特性的3D打印生物材料不仅能够重现受损组织的生理微环境，还能与宿主神经血管网络快速整合，从而加速功能性组织再生。
