Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-The Norwegian Radium Hospital, 0379 Oslo, Norway
Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0379 Oslo, Norway.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2023 Aug 1;15(8):a041415. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041415.
Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, can be used as interesting models to study the structure and function of biological membranes as these vesicles contain only one membrane (i.e., one lipid bilayer). In addition to lipids, they contain proteins, nucleic acids, and various other molecules. The lipid composition of exosomes is here compared to HIV particles and detergent-resistant membranes, which also have a high content of sphingolipids, cholesterol, and phosphatidylserine (PS). We discuss interactions between the lipids in the two bilayers, and especially those between PS 18:0/18:1 in the inner leaflet and the very-long-chain sphingolipids in the outer leaflet, and the importance of cholesterol for these interactions. We also briefly discuss the involvement of ether-linked phospholipids (PLs) in such lipid raft-like structures, and the possible involvement of these and other lipid classes in the formation of exosomes. The urgent need to improve the quality of quantitative lipidomic studies is highlighted.
细胞外囊泡，如外泌体，可以作为研究生物膜结构和功能的有趣模型，因为这些囊泡仅含有一层膜（即一个脂质双层）。除了脂质，它们还含有蛋白质、核酸和各种其他分子。本文比较了外泌体的脂质组成与 HIV 病毒颗粒和耐去污剂膜，它们也具有高含量的神经鞘磷脂、胆固醇和磷脂酰丝氨酸（PS）。我们讨论了两个双层之间的脂质相互作用，特别是内层中 PS 18:0/18:1 与外层中非常长链神经鞘脂之间的相互作用，以及胆固醇对这些相互作用的重要性。我们还简要讨论了醚键连接的磷脂（PL）在这种类脂筏样结构中的参与，以及这些和其他脂质类在形成外泌体中的可能参与。强调了迫切需要提高定量脂质组学研究的质量。
