Fujian Key Laboratory of Translational Research in Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
Front Immunol. 2023 May 22;14:1149366. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1149366. eCollection 2023.
In adipose tissue, macrophages are the most abundant immune cells with high heterogeneity and plasticity. Depending on environmental cues and molecular mediators, adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can be polarized into pro- or anti-inflammatory cells. In the state of obesity, ATMs switch from the M2 polarized state to the M1 state, which contributes to chronic inflammation, thereby promoting the pathogenic progression of obesity and other metabolic diseases. Recent studies show that multiple ATM subpopulations cluster separately from the M1 or M2 polarized state. Various factors are related to ATM polarization, including cytokines, hormones, metabolites and transcription factors. Here, we discuss our current understanding of the potential regulatory mechanisms underlying ATM polarization induced by autocrine and paracrine factors. A better understanding of how ATMs polarize may provide new therapeutic strategies for obesity-related diseases.
在脂肪组织中，巨噬细胞是最丰富的免疫细胞，具有高度异质性和可塑性。根据环境线索和分子介质，脂肪组织巨噬细胞（ATMs）可以极化成为促炎或抗炎细胞。在肥胖状态下，ATMs 从 M2 极化状态转变为 M1 状态，这有助于慢性炎症，从而促进肥胖和其他代谢性疾病的发病进展。最近的研究表明，多个 ATM 亚群分别从 M1 或 M2 极化状态聚类。多种因素与 ATM 极化有关，包括细胞因子、激素、代谢物和转录因子。在这里，我们讨论了我们对自分泌和旁分泌因子诱导的 ATM 极化的潜在调节机制的现有认识。更好地了解 ATMs 如何极化可能为肥胖相关疾病提供新的治疗策略。
