Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (V.V., J.A.C.L.).
Department of Genomic Health, Geisinger, Danville, PA (S.G.).
Circ Res. 2023 Jun 9;132(12):1607-1627. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.123.322054. Epub 2023 Jun 8.
The growing epidemics of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, in addition to worsening environmental factors such as air pollution, water scarcity, and climate change, have fueled the continuously increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This has caused a markedly increasing burden of CVDs that includes mortality and morbidity worldwide. Identification of subclinical CVD before overt symptoms can lead to earlier deployment of preventative pharmacological and nonpharmacologic strategies. In this regard, noninvasive imaging techniques play a significant role in identifying early CVD phenotypes. An armamentarium of imaging techniques including vascular ultrasound, echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, noninvasive computed tomography angiography, positron emission tomography, and nuclear imaging, with intrinsic strengths and limitations can be utilized to delineate incipient CVD for both clinical and research purposes. In this article, we review the various imaging modalities used for the evaluation, characterization, and quantification of early subclinical cardiovascular diseases.
肥胖症、高血压和糖尿病的流行日益加剧,加上空气污染、水资源短缺和气候变化等环境因素的恶化,推动了心血管疾病(CVD)发病率的持续上升。这导致 CVD 的全球死亡率和发病率负担明显增加。在出现明显症状之前发现亚临床 CVD 可以更早地实施预防性药物和非药物策略。在这方面,无创成像技术在识别早期 CVD 表型方面发挥着重要作用。一系列成像技术,包括血管超声、超声心动图、磁共振成像、计算机断层扫描、无创性计算机断层血管造影、正电子发射断层扫描和核成像,具有内在的优势和局限性,可用于临床和研究目的来描绘初期 CVD。本文综述了用于评估、描述和量化早期亚临床心血管疾病的各种成像方式。