Petroušek Patrik, Kvačkaj Tibor, Bidulská Jana, Bidulský Róbert, Grande Marco Actis, Manfredi Diego, Weiss Klaus-Peter, Kočiško Róbert, Lupták Miloslav, Pokorný Imrich
Department of Plastic Deformation and Simulation Processes, Institute of Materials and Quality Engineering, Faculty of Materials, Metallurgy and Recycling, Technical University of Kosice, Park Komenského 11, 04001 Kosice, Slovakia.
Bodva Industry and Innovation Cluster, Budulov 174, 04501 Moldava nad Bodvou, Slovakia.
Materials (Basel). 2023 May 24;16(11):3935. doi: 10.3390/ma16113935.
Additive manufacturing, including laser powder bed fusion, offers possibilities for the production of materials with properties comparable to conventional technologies. The main aim of this paper is to describe the specific microstructure of 316L stainless steel prepared using additive manufacturing. The as-built state and the material after heat treatment (solution annealing at 1050 °C and 60 min soaking time, followed by artificial aging at 700 °C and 3000 min soaking time) were analyzed. A static tensile test at ambient temperature, 77 K, and 8 K was performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. The characteristics of the specific microstructure were examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The stainless steel 316L prepared using laser powder bed fusion consisted of a hierarchical austenitic microstructure, with a grain size of 25 µm as-built up to 35 µm after heat treatment. The grains predominantly contained fine 300-700 nm subgrains with a cellular structure. It was concluded that after the selected heat treatment there was a significant reduction in dislocations. An increase in precipitates was observed after heat treatment, from the original amount of approximately 20 nm to 150 nm.
增材制造，包括激光粉末床熔融，为生产具有与传统技术相当性能的材料提供了可能性。本文的主要目的是描述使用增材制造制备的316L不锈钢的特定微观结构。分析了增材制造后的原始状态以及热处理后的材料（在1050°C固溶退火60分钟，随后在700°C人工时效3000分钟）。在室温、77K和8K下进行了静态拉伸试验，以评估力学性能。使用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜检查了特定微观结构的特征。使用激光粉末床熔融制备的316L不锈钢由分层奥氏体微观结构组成，增材制造后的晶粒尺寸为25μm，热处理后增至35μm。晶粒主要包含具有胞状结构的300 - 700nm细亚晶粒。得出的结论是，经过选定的热处理后，位错显著减少。热处理后观察到析出物增加，从原来约20nm增加到150nm。
