Nicosia Luca, Gnocchi Giulia, Gorini Ilaria, Venturini Massimo, Fontana Federico, Pesapane Filippo, Abiuso Ida, Bozzini Anna Carla, Pizzamiglio Maria, Latronico Antuono, Abbate Francesca, Meneghetti Lorenza, Battaglia Ottavia, Pellegrino Giuseppe, Cassano Enrico
Breast Imaging Division, Radiology Department, IEO European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy.
Postgraduation School of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Healthcare (Basel). 2023 May 30;11(11):1596. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11111596.
Breast cancer is the most common forms of cancer and a leading cause of mortality in women. Early and correct diagnosis is, therefore, essential to save lives. The development of diagnostic imaging applied to the breast has been impressive in recent years and the most used diagnostic test in the world is mammography, a low-dose X-ray technique used for imaging the breast. In the first half of the 20th century, the diagnosis was in practice only clinical, with consequent diagnostic delay and an unfavorable prognosis in the short term. The rise of organized mammography screening has led to a remarkable reduction in mortality through the early detection of breast malignancies. This historical review aims to offer a complete panorama of the development of mammography and breast imaging during the last century. Through this study, we want to understand the foundations of the pillar of radiology applied to the breast through to the most modern applications such as contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM), artificial intelligence, and radiomics. Understanding the history of the development of diagnostic imaging applied to the breast can help us understand how to better direct our efforts toward an increasingly personalized and effective diagnostic approach. The ultimate goal of imaging applied to the detection of breast malignancies should be to reduce mortality from this type of disease as much as possible. With this paper, we want to provide detailed documentation of the main steps in the evolution of breast imaging for the diagnosis of breast neoplasms; we also want to open up new scenarios where the possible current and future applications of imaging are aimed at being more precise and personalized.
乳腺癌是最常见的癌症形式，也是女性死亡的主要原因。因此，早期正确诊断对于挽救生命至关重要。近年来，应用于乳腺的诊断成像技术发展令人瞩目，而世界上最常用的诊断测试是乳腺钼靶检查，这是一种用于乳腺成像的低剂量X射线技术。在20世纪上半叶，实际上诊断仅依靠临床检查，结果导致诊断延迟以及短期内预后不佳。有组织的乳腺钼靶筛查的兴起，通过早期发现乳腺恶性肿瘤，显著降低了死亡率。这篇历史综述旨在全面呈现上世纪乳腺钼靶检查和乳腺成像技术的发展全景。通过这项研究，我们希望了解应用于乳腺的放射学支柱从基础到最现代应用（如对比增强乳腺钼靶检查（CEM）、人工智能和放射组学）的发展历程。了解应用于乳腺的诊断成像技术的发展历史有助于我们明白如何更好地朝着日益个性化和有效的诊断方法努力。应用于乳腺恶性肿瘤检测的成像技术的最终目标应该是尽可能降低这类疾病的死亡率。通过本文，我们希望为乳腺成像技术在乳腺肿瘤诊断方面演变的主要步骤提供详细记录；我们还希望开拓新的场景，使成像技术当前和未来可能的应用更精准、更个性化。
