Giannelli Gianluigi, Potestio Silvia, Visioli Giovanna
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Jun 1;12(11):2197. doi: 10.3390/plants12112197.
Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress in global agricultural productivity with an estimated 50% of arable land predicted to become salinized by 2050. Since most domesticated crops are glycophytes, they cannot be cultivated on salt soils. The use of beneficial microorganisms inhabiting the rhizosphere (PGPR) is a promising tool to alleviate salt stress in various crops and represents a strategy to increase agricultural productivity in salt soils. Increasing evidence underlines that PGPR affect plant physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses to salt stress. The mechanisms behind these phenomena include osmotic adjustment, modulation of the plant antioxidant system, ion homeostasis, modulation of the phytohormonal balance, increase in nutrient uptake, and the formation of biofilms. This review focuses on the recent literature regarding the molecular mechanisms that PGPR use to improve plant growth under salinity. In addition, very recent -OMICs approaches were reported, dissecting the role of PGPR in modulating plant genomes and epigenomes, opening up the possibility of combining the high genetic variations of plants with the action of PGPR for the selection of useful plant traits to cope with salt stress conditions.
土壤盐渍化是全球农业生产力面临的主要非生物胁迫，据估计，到2050年，预计50%的耕地将发生盐渍化。由于大多数驯化作物是甜土植物，它们不能在盐渍土壤上种植。利用根际促生菌（PGPR）是缓解各种作物盐胁迫的一种有前途的工具，也是提高盐渍土壤农业生产力的一种策略。越来越多的证据表明，PGPR会影响植物对盐胁迫的生理、生化和分子反应。这些现象背后的机制包括渗透调节、植物抗氧化系统的调节、离子稳态、植物激素平衡的调节、养分吸收的增加以及生物膜的形成。本综述重点关注了近期有关PGPR在盐胁迫下促进植物生长的分子机制的文献。此外，还报道了最新的 -组学方法，剖析了PGPR在调节植物基因组和表观基因组中的作用，为将植物的高遗传变异与PGPR的作用相结合以选择应对盐胁迫条件的有用植物性状开辟了可能性。
