College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, No. 18, Xili District 3, Fatou, Beijing 100023, China.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Food, College of Biochemical Engineering, Beijing Union University, 197 North Tucheng West Road, Beijing 100023, China.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 1;15(11):2606. doi: 10.3390/nu15112606.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal inflammatory disorder that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), the exact cause of which is still unknown. Numerous studies have confirmed that diet is one of the major environmental factors associated with IBD, as it can regulate the gut microbiota and reduce inflammation and oxidative stress. Since the consumption of oil is essential in the diet, improving IBD through oil has potential. In this article, we first briefly reviewed the current treatment methods for IBD and introduce the role of natural oils in improving inflammatory diseases. We then focused on the recent discovery of the role of natural oils in the prevention and treatment of IBD and summarized their main mechanisms of action. The results showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of oils derived from different plants and animals has been validated in various experimental animal models. These oils are capable of improving the intestinal homeostasis in IBD animal models through multiple mechanisms, including modulation of the gut microbiota, protection of the intestinal barrier, reduction in colonic inflammation, improvement in oxidative stress levels in the intestine, and regulation of immune homeostasis. Therefore, dietary or topical use of natural oils may have potential therapeutic effects on IBD. However, currently, only a few clinical trials support the aforementioned conclusions. This review emphasized the positive effects of natural oils on IBD and encouraged more clinical trials to provide more reliable evidence on the improvement of human IBD by natural oils as functional substances.
炎症性肠病（IBD）是一种慢性肠道炎症性疾病，包括溃疡性结肠炎（UC）和克罗恩病（CD），其确切病因仍不清楚。大量研究证实，饮食是与 IBD 相关的主要环境因素之一，因为它可以调节肠道微生物群，减轻炎症和氧化应激。由于饮食中必须摄入油脂，因此通过油脂改善 IBD 具有一定的潜力。在本文中，我们首先简要回顾了 IBD 的当前治疗方法，并介绍了天然油脂在改善炎症性疾病中的作用。然后，我们重点介绍了天然油脂在预防和治疗 IBD 方面的最新发现，并总结了它们的主要作用机制。结果表明，来源于不同动植物的油脂的抗炎活性已在各种实验动物模型中得到验证。这些油脂通过多种机制改善 IBD 动物模型中的肠道内稳态，包括调节肠道微生物群、保护肠道屏障、减少结肠炎症、改善肠道氧化应激水平以及调节免疫内稳态。因此，天然油脂的饮食或局部应用可能对 IBD 具有潜在的治疗作用。然而，目前只有少数临床试验支持上述结论。本综述强调了天然油脂对 IBD 的积极影响，并鼓励进行更多的临床试验，为天然油脂作为功能性物质改善人类 IBD 提供更可靠的证据。
