Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany.
Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 12;13(1):9537. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31531-w.
Genetic factors, environmental factors, and gene-environment interactions have been found to modify PD risk, age at onset (AAO), and disease progression. The objective of this study was to explore the association of coffee drinking, aspirin intake, and smoking, with motor and non-motor symptoms in a cohort of 35,959 American patients with PD from the Fox Insight Study using generalized linear models. Coffee drinkers had fewer problems swallowing but dosage and duration of coffee intake were not associated with motor or non-motor symptoms. Aspirin intake correlated with more tremor (p = 0.0026), problems getting up (p = 0.0185), light-headedness (p = 0.0043), and problems remembering (p = 1 × 10). Smoking was directly associated with symptoms: smokers had more problems with drooling (p = 0.0106), swallowing (p = 0.0002), and freezing (p < 1 × 10). Additionally, smokers had more possibly mood-related symptoms: unexplained pains (p < 1 × 10), problems remembering (p = 0.0001), and feeling sad (p < 1 × 10). Confirmatory and longitudinal studies are warranted to investigate the clinical correlation over time.
遗传因素、环境因素和基因-环境相互作用已被发现可改变 PD 的风险、发病年龄（AAO）和疾病进展。本研究的目的是使用广义线性模型探讨咖啡饮用、阿司匹林摄入和吸烟与来自 Fox Insight 研究的 35959 名美国 PD 患者的运动和非运动症状之间的关联。喝咖啡的人吞咽问题较少，但咖啡摄入量和持续时间与运动或非运动症状无关。阿司匹林摄入与更多震颤（p=0.0026）、起床困难（p=0.0185）、头晕（p=0.0043）和记忆力问题（p=1×10）相关。吸烟与症状直接相关：吸烟者流口水（p=0.0106）、吞咽（p=0.0002）和冻结（p<1×10）的问题更多。此外，吸烟者可能与情绪相关的症状更多：不明原因的疼痛（p<1×10）、记忆力问题（p=0.0001）和感到悲伤（p<1×10）。需要进行确认性和纵向研究，以调查随时间推移的临床相关性。
