Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo - SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, Cerqueira Cesar, Sao Paulo - SP, 01246-903, Brazil.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jun 16;23(1):1162. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16047-2.
Vaccine hesitancy is a concerning menace to the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Effective health communication could promote an overall understanding of the importance, risks, and benefits of vaccination and reduce vaccine hesitancy.
In this survey, four fictitious newspaper articles addressing an emerging bogus disease and its vaccine were randomly assigned to participants. The first version focused on information about the disease; the second was akin to the first, including a case description and image. The third version focused on vaccine safety/efficacy; the fourth version was like the third, including a case description and image. After reading a single version of the article, participants responded if they would take the vaccine and if they would vaccinate their children. We used chi-squared tests for comparisons and investigated interactions with vaccine-hesitant attitudes.
We included 5233 participants between August/2021 and January/2022; 790 were caregivers of a child ≤ 5 years old, and 15% had prior vaccine hesitancy. Although most declared intention to take the vaccine, the percentage was highest among those exposed to the newspaper article focusing on the vaccine safety/efficacy with the case description and picture (91%; 95% confidence interval 89-92%), and lowest among participants exposed to the article focusing on the disease with no case description (84%; 95% confidence interval 82-86%). Similar trends were observed in the intention of offspring vaccination. We found evidence of effect modification by vaccine-hesitant attitudes, with a higher impact of communication focusing on vaccine safety/efficacy compared to that focusing on disease characteristics among hesitant participants.
Communication strategies focusing on different aspects of the disease-vaccine duet may impact vaccine hesitancy, and storytelling/emotive imagery descriptions may improve risk perception and vaccine uptake. Moreover, the effect of message framing strategies may differ according to previous vaccine hesitant attitudes.
疫苗犹豫是防控疫苗可预防疾病的一个令人担忧的威胁。有效的健康传播可以促进人们全面了解疫苗接种的重要性、风险和益处，从而减少疫苗犹豫。
在这项调查中，我们将四个虚构的报纸文章随机分配给参与者，分别针对一种新出现的虚假疾病及其疫苗。第一个版本侧重于疾病信息；第二个版本类似于第一个版本，包括病例描述和图像。第三个版本侧重于疫苗的安全性/有效性；第四个版本类似于第三个版本，包括病例描述和图像。在阅读了单个版本的文章后，参与者会回答他们是否会接种疫苗以及是否会为自己的孩子接种疫苗。我们使用卡方检验进行比较，并调查了与疫苗犹豫态度的交互作用。
我们在 2021 年 8 月至 2022 年 1 月期间纳入了 5233 名参与者；其中 790 名为 5 岁以下儿童的照顾者，15%有过疫苗犹豫。尽管大多数人表示打算接种疫苗，但在接触到有病例描述和图片的疫苗安全性/有效性的报纸文章的参与者中，这一比例最高（91%；95%置信区间 89-92%），而在接触到没有病例描述的只关注疾病的报纸文章的参与者中，这一比例最低（84%；95%置信区间 82-86%）。在为子女接种疫苗的意愿方面也观察到了类似的趋势。我们发现疫苗犹豫态度存在显著的调节作用，与只关注疾病特征的传播策略相比，关注疫苗安全性/有效性的传播策略对犹豫参与者的影响更大。
针对疾病-疫苗双重因素的不同方面的传播策略可能会影响疫苗犹豫，而讲故事/情感图像描述可能会提高风险感知和疫苗接种率。此外，信息框架策略的效果可能因之前的疫苗犹豫态度而有所不同。
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