Mazidimoradi Afrooz, Ghavidel Fatemeh, Momenimovahed Zohre, Allahqoli Leila, Salehiniya Hamid
Health Assisitant Department Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran.
Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Health Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 14;6(6):e1342. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1342. eCollection 2023 Jun.
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. The geographical variation shows the influence of genetic factors, ethnicity, and distribution of various risk factors. Accurate knowledge of EC epidemiology at the global level will help to develop management strategies. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the global and regional disease burden of EC, including the incidence, mortality, and burden of this cancer in 2019.
Incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized rates (ASRs) associated with EC in 204 countries in different classifications were extracted from the global burden of disease study. After collecting information on metabolic risks, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and body mass index (body mass index), the relationship between age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), mortality rate, and DALYs with these variables was determined.
In 2019, 534,563 new cases of EC were reported worldwide. The highest ASIR is related to regions with medium sociodemographic index (SDI), and high middle income according to the World Bank, the Asian continent, and the western Pacific region. In 2019, a total of 498,067 deaths from EC were recorded. The highest mortality rate due to ASR is in countries with medium SDI and countries with upper middle income of the World Bank. In 2019, 1,166,017 DALYs were reported due to EC. The ASIR, ASDR, and DALYS ASR of EC showed a significant negative linear correlation with SDI, metabolic risks, high FPG, high LDL cholesterol, and high BMI ( < 0.05).
The results of this study showed significant gender and geographic variation in the incidence, mortality, and burden of EC. It is recommended to design and implement preventive approaches based on known risk factors and improve quality and access to efficient and appropriate treatments.
食管癌（EC）是最常见的胃肠道恶性肿瘤之一。地域差异显示了遗传因素、种族以及各种风险因素分布的影响。准确了解全球范围内的食管癌流行病学情况将有助于制定管理策略。因此，本研究旨在调查食管癌的全球和区域疾病负担，包括2019年该癌症的发病率、死亡率和负担情况。
从全球疾病负担研究中提取了204个不同分类国家中与食管癌相关的发病率、死亡率、伤残调整生命年（DALYs）和年龄标准化率（ASRs）。在收集了关于代谢风险、空腹血糖（FPG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇和体重指数（体重指数）的信息后，确定了年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）、死亡率和DALYs与这些变量之间的关系。
2019年，全球报告了534,563例新发食管癌病例。最高的ASIR与社会人口学指数（SDI）中等、世界银行定义的高中等收入地区、亚洲大陆以及西太平洋地区相关。2019年，共记录了498,067例食管癌死亡病例。按ASR计算的最高死亡率出现在SDI中等的国家和世界银行定义的高收入国家。2019年，因食管癌报告了1,166,017个DALYs。食管癌的ASIR、ASDR和DALYs ASR与SDI、代谢风险、高FPG、高LDL胆固醇和高BMI呈显著负线性相关（<0.05）。
本研究结果显示，食管癌的发病率、死亡率和负担存在显著的性别和地域差异。建议根据已知风险因素设计并实施预防措施，提高高效、适当治疗的质量和可及性。
