Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Clinical Research Development Unit, Shahid Madani Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
Thorac Cancer. 2023 Aug;14(24):2361-2407. doi: 10.1111/1759-7714.15026. Epub 2023 Jul 17.
The aim of this study was to describe the trends in incidence, mortality, and burden of esophageal cancer (EC) in Asia from 2010 through 2019 and compare with other global continental data.
We collected EC data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study from 2010 to 2019 in 49 countries and territories in Asia based on the sociodemographic index (SDI). For all locations, annual case data and age-standardized rates (ASRs) were extracted to investigate the EC incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). The ASR relative difference (%) between years and the male/female (M/F) ratio were calculated. Data are reported in values and 95% uncertainty interval (UI).
In 2019, more than 70% of EC new cases, deaths, prevalence, and DALYs occurred in Asian countries. From 2010 to 2019, incidences, deaths, prevalence cases, and DALY number of EC increased over 1.10-, 1.07-, 1.14-, and 1.03-fold, in Asia. During this period, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized death rate (ASDR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized DALYs rate (DALYs ASR) of EC decreased by 18, 21, 14, and 22%, respectively. The rate of decline in Asia is higher than in the world and other continents. In 2019, age-specific incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY cases of EC cancer peaked at 65-74, 70-74, 65-69, and 65-69 years, respectively. In 2019, the highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALYs ASR of EC were observed in East Asian countries, while having the highest decreasing trend. In 2019, among high SDI Asian countries, Taiwan had the highest ASIR, ASPR, and DALYs ASR, and the United Arab Emirates had the highest ASDR. Among high-middle SDIs, Kazakhstan had the highest ASIR, ASPR, ASDR, and DALYs ASR; among middle SDIs, China had the highest ASIR, ASDR, and ASPR, and Viet Nam had the highest DALYs ASR; among low-middle SDIs, Mongolia had the highest ASIR, ASDR, ASPR, and DALY ASR of EC cancer. Among low SDI Asian countries, Pakistan had the highest ASIR and ASPR, and DALY ASR for EC cancer. For four indicators, in most countries, the ratio of men was higher than women, and in some countries, this ratio reached more than 10 times.
Although the rate of decline in incidence, death, prevalence and burden of EC in Asia was higher than in other areas in the last 10 years, more than 70% of these amounts occur in Asia. Therefore, it appears that adopting appropriate strategies in the field of identifying and controlling modifiable risk factors for EC, implementing screening programs, and timely diagnosis and treatment will help in reducing the burden of this disease in Asian countries.
本研究旨在描述 2010 年至 2019 年亚洲食管癌（EC）的发病率、死亡率和负担趋势，并与其他全球大陆数据进行比较。
我们根据社会人口指数（SDI），从 2019 年全球疾病负担研究中收集了亚洲 49 个国家和地区的 EC 数据。对于所有地点，提取了年度病例数据和年龄标准化率（ASR），以调查 EC 的发病率、患病率、死亡率和伤残调整生命年（DALYs）。计算了年份之间的 ASR 相对差异（%）和男女（M/F）比例。数据以数值和 95%置信区间（UI）报告。
2019 年，超过 70%的 EC 新发病例、死亡、患病率和 DALYs 发生在亚洲国家。从 2010 年到 2019 年，亚洲的 EC 发病率、死亡率、患病率和 DALY 数量增加了 1.10 倍、1.07 倍、1.14 倍和 1.03 倍。在此期间，EC 的年龄标准化发病率（ASIR）、年龄标准化死亡率（ASDR）、年龄标准化患病率（ASPR）和年龄标准化 DALYs 率（DALYs ASR）分别下降了 18%、21%、14%和 22%。亚洲的下降速度高于世界和其他大陆。2019 年，EC 癌症的特定年龄发病率、死亡率、患病率和 DALY 病例在 65-74 岁、70-74 岁、65-69 岁和 65-69 岁时达到峰值。2019 年，东亚国家的 EC 具有最高的 ASIR、ASDR、ASPR 和 DALYs ASR，同时具有最高的下降趋势。在 2019 年，在高 SDI 的亚洲国家中，台湾地区的 ASIR、ASPR 和 DALYs ASR 最高，阿拉伯联合酋长国的 ASDR 最高。在高-中 SDI 中，哈萨克斯坦的 ASIR、ASPR、ASDR 和 DALYs ASR 最高；在中 SDI 中，中国的 ASIR、ASDR 和 ASPR 最高，越南的 DALYs ASR 最高；在中-低 SDI 中，蒙古的 EC 癌症的 ASIR、ASDR、ASPR 和 DALYs ASR 最高。在低 SDI 的亚洲国家中，巴基斯坦的 EC 癌症发病率和 ASPR 最高，DALY ASR 最高。对于四个指标，在大多数国家，男性比例高于女性，在一些国家，这一比例达到 10 倍以上。
尽管在过去 10 年中，亚洲 EC 的发病率、死亡率、患病率和负担下降的速度高于其他地区，但这些数字的 70%以上仍发生在亚洲。因此，在确定和控制 EC 可改变的风险因素、实施筛查计划以及及时诊断和治疗方面采取适当的策略，可能有助于减轻亚洲国家的疾病负担。
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