Jones K, Poletti A
Hosp Community Psychiatry. 1986 Aug;37(8):795-802. doi: 10.1176/ps.37.8.795.
Italy's Law 180, passed in 1978, abolished mental hospitals and replaced them with community services. The Italian literature suggests that the law has been far less successful in improving services for mental patients than reports by foreign visitors have indicated. The authors visited Italy on two occasions in 1984 and 1985 to assess for themselves the impact of the law. In many parts of the country hospitals were still open but badly understaffed and physically deteriorated; in Trieste, where the reform movement started, there was a good system of services, but a hospital whose closing had been publicly celebrated still housed several hundred patients. The authors describe the social and political climate in which Law 180 was passed, discuss the central role of Franco Basaglia and his Psichiatria Democratica movement, summarize the findings of their two visits, and attempt to explain why members of Psichiatria Democratica consider hospitals that remain open to be closed.
意大利1978年通过的第180号法律废除了精神病院，代之以社区服务。意大利的文献表明，该法律在改善精神病人服务方面远不如外国访客报告中指出的那么成功。作者于1984年和1985年两次访问意大利，亲自评估该法律的影响。在该国许多地区，医院仍然开放，但人员严重不足，设施破旧不堪；在改革运动发起地的里雅斯特，有一个良好的服务体系，但一家其关闭曾被公开庆祝的医院仍住着数百名患者。作者描述了第180号法律通过时的社会和政治氛围，讨论了佛朗哥·巴萨利亚及其民主精神病学运动的核心作用，总结了他们两次访问的结果，并试图解释为什么民主精神病学运动的成员认为那些仍在开放的医院实际上是“关闭”的。
