Department of Computer Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 266-8502, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2023 Jun 18;13(1):9861. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-36880-0.
In ensembles, people synchronize the timings of their movements with those of others. Players sometimes take on preceding and trailing roles, whereby one's beat is either slightly earlier or slightly later than that of another. In this study, we aimed to clarify whether the division of preceding and trailing roles occurs in simple rhythmic coordination among non-musicians. Additionally, we investigated the temporal dependencies between these roles. We conducted a synchronous-continuous tapping task involving pairs of people, whereby pairs of participants first tapped to synchronize with a metronome. After the metronome stopped, the participants synchronized their taps to their partners' tap timings, which were presented as auditory stimuli. Except in one trial, the pairs involved participants taking on preceding and trailing roles. Compared to the participants taking on the trailing role, those taking on the preceding role demonstrated enhanced phase-correction responses, while those taking on the trailing role significantly adapted their tempos to match those of their partners. As a result, people spontaneously divided into preceding and trailing roles. The preceding participants tended to reduce asynchronies, while the trailing participants tended to match their tempo to their partners'.
在合奏中，人们会使自己的动作时间与他人的动作时间同步。演奏者有时会扮演领奏和跟奏的角色，其中一个人的节奏要么比另一个人稍早，要么稍晚。在这项研究中，我们旨在阐明在非音乐演奏者的简单节奏协调中是否会出现领奏和跟奏角色的划分。此外，我们还研究了这些角色之间的时间依赖性。我们进行了一项涉及两人的同步连续敲击任务，其中两组参与者首先按照节拍器的节奏进行敲击以实现同步。在节拍器停止后，参与者根据他们的伙伴的敲击时间进行同步敲击，这些时间以听觉刺激的形式呈现。除了一次试验外，每组参与者都扮演领奏和跟奏的角色。与扮演跟奏角色的参与者相比，扮演领奏角色的参与者表现出增强的相位校正反应，而扮演跟奏角色的参与者则显著调整自己的节奏以与伙伴的节奏相匹配。因此，人们会自发地划分出领奏和跟奏的角色。领奏的参与者往往会减少异步，而跟奏的参与者则往往会将自己的节奏与伙伴的节奏相匹配。
