Schaffner A, Davis C E, Schaffner T, Markert M, Douglas H, Braude A I
J Clin Invest. 1986 Aug;78(2):511-24. doi: 10.1172/JCI112603.
Pathogenic fungi, according to their propensity to cause infection of apparently normal individuals, can be grouped into either primary pathogens (e.g., Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides, Blastomyces, and Sporothrix) or opportunists (e.g., Candida, Mucoraceae, Aspergillus spp., Petriellidium, and Trichosporon). There is, however, no unifying concept explaining the difference between the virulence of the two fungal categories. Previously we have speculated that neutrophils are the common denominator of the high natural resistance to opportunistic fungi. Accordingly, we then compared the susceptibility to killing by neutrophil granulocytes of Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Paracoccidioides, and Sporothrix with that of 14 opportunistic fungi. We found the four virulent dimorphic yeasts, in contrast to opportunistic fungi, to be resistant to killing by neutrophils. Virulent dimorphic yeasts were ingested by neutrophils, and triggered a respiratory burst comparably to opportunists but were less susceptible to hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that differences in the susceptibility to microbicidal products of leukocytes may explain the difference in virulence.
根据致病真菌引发明显健康个体感染的倾向，可将其分为原发性病原体（如球孢子菌、组织胞浆菌、副球孢子菌、芽生菌和孢子丝菌）或机会性致病菌（如念珠菌、毛霉科、曲霉属、皮氏霉和丝孢酵母）。然而，目前尚无统一的概念来解释这两类真菌毒力差异的原因。此前我们推测，中性粒细胞是对机会性真菌具有高天然抵抗力的共同因素。因此，我们随后比较了组织胞浆菌、芽生菌、副球孢子菌和孢子丝菌与14种机会性真菌对中性粒细胞杀伤的敏感性。我们发现，与机会性真菌相比，这四种致病性双态酵母对中性粒细胞的杀伤具有抗性。致病性双态酵母被中性粒细胞吞噬，并引发与机会性致病菌相当的呼吸爆发，但对过氧化氢的敏感性较低，这表明对白细胞杀菌产物敏感性的差异可能解释了毒力的差异。
