Department of Botany, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Jammu, Samba, 181143, Jammu and Kashmir (UT), India.
Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, 226020, India.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2023 Aug;201:107847. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107847. Epub 2023 Jun 16.
Plants are one of the vital sources of secondary metabolites. These secondary metabolites have diverse roles in human welfare, including therapeutic implication. Nevertheless, secondary metabolite yields obtained through the exploitation of natural plant populations is insufficient to meet the commercial demand due to their accumulation in low volumes. Besides, in-planta synthesis of these important metabolites is directly linked with the age and growing conditions of the plant. Such limitations have paved the way for the exploration of alternative production methodologies. Hairy root cultures, induced after the interaction of plants with Rhizobium rhizogenes (Agrobacterium rhizogenes), are a practical solution for producing valuable secondary metabolite at low cost and without the influence of seasonal, geographic or climatic variations. Hairy root cultures also offer the opportunity to get combined with other yield enhancements strategies (precursor feeding, elicitation and metabolic engineering) to further stimulate and/or enhance their production potential. Applications of metabolic engineering in exploiting hairy root cultures attracted the interest of several research groups as a means of yield enhancement. Currently, several engineering approaches like overexpression and silencing of pathway genes, and transcription factor overexpression are used to boost metabolite production, along with the contextual success of genome editing. This review attempts to cover metabolic engineering in hairy roots for the production of secondary metabolites, with a primary emphasis on alkaloids, and discusses prospects for taking this research forward to meet desired production demands.
植物是次生代谢物的重要来源之一。这些次生代谢物在人类福利中具有多种作用，包括治疗意义。然而，由于其在低体积中的积累，通过开发天然植物种群获得的次生代谢产物产量不足以满足商业需求。此外，这些重要代谢物在植物体内的合成直接与植物的年龄和生长条件有关。这些限制为探索替代生产方法铺平了道路。发根培养物是在植物与根瘤菌（根癌农杆菌）相互作用后诱导产生的，是一种以低成本生产有价值的次生代谢物的实用方法，不受季节性、地理或气候变化的影响。发根培养物还提供了与其他提高产量的策略（前体喂养、诱导和代谢工程）相结合的机会，以进一步刺激和/或提高它们的生产潜力。代谢工程在发根培养物中的应用引起了几个研究小组的兴趣，作为提高产量的一种手段。目前，几种工程方法，如途径基因的过表达和沉默，以及转录因子的过表达，被用于促进代谢物的生产，同时伴随着基因组编辑的成功。本文综述了发根中次生代谢物生产的代谢工程，主要集中在生物碱上，并讨论了进一步开展这项研究以满足预期生产需求的前景。
