XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Division of Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Chemosphere. 2023 Sep;336:139296. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139296. Epub 2023 Jun 21.
Despite mounting evidence linking allergic rhinitis (AR) to air pollution, it remains unclear which major air pollutant(s) and critical window(s) of exposure play important roles in children's AR.
To examine the effects of intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to outdoor air pollution on children with doctor-diagnosed allergic rhinitis (DDAR).
A retrospective cohort study involving 8689 kindergarten children was conducted in Changsha, China, from 2019 to 2020. A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect information on the health status of children and their family members, as well as their living habits and home environment. Personal exposure to daily outdoor air pollutants (PM, PM, PM, SO, NO, and CO) was estimated during 40 gestational weeks, three trimesters, the entire pregnancy, and the first year after birth. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between air pollution and children's DDAR.
Children's DDAR was associated with intrauterine CO exposure, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 1.18 (1.03-1.34) for each IQR increase in CO exposure. The second and third trimesters were critical windows for PM and CO exposure in relation to DDAR. Furthermore, early postnatal exposure to PM and PM in first year of life was associated with DDAR development, with adjusted ORs (95% CI) of 1.11 (1.01-1.22) and 1.27 (1.09, 1.47). The entire pregnancy and the first year of life were critical windows for CO and PM exposure. Some children were predisposed to DDAR risk due to exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP).
Our findings support the hypothesis of "fetal origin of allergic rhinitis" by demonstrating that intrauterine and early postnatal exposure to air pollution plays an important role in children's DDAR.
尽管越来越多的证据表明过敏性鼻炎（AR）与空气污染有关，但仍不清楚哪种主要空气污染物和关键暴露窗口在儿童 AR 中起重要作用。
研究宫内和产后早期暴露于室外空气污染对经医生诊断患有过敏性鼻炎（DDAR）的儿童的影响。
在中国长沙，于 2019 年至 2020 年开展了一项回顾性队列研究，共纳入 8689 名幼儿园儿童。通过问卷调查收集儿童及其家庭成员的健康状况、生活习惯和家庭环境等信息。在 40 孕周、三个孕期、整个孕期和出生后第一年，估计了儿童每日室外空气污染物（PM、PM、PM、SO、NO 和 CO）的个人暴露情况。采用多因素 logistic 回归模型评估空气污染与儿童 DDAR 之间的关联。
儿童 DDAR 与宫内 CO 暴露有关，CO 暴露每增加一个 IQR，调整后的 OR（95%CI）为 1.18（1.03-1.34）。第二和第三个孕期是 PM 和 CO 暴露与 DDAR 相关的关键窗口。此外，出生后第一年 PM 和 PM 的早期暴露与 DDAR 的发生有关，调整后的 OR（95%CI）分别为 1.11（1.01-1.22）和 1.27（1.09，1.47）。整个孕期和出生后第一年是 CO 和 PM 暴露的关键窗口。一些儿童由于接触交通相关空气污染物（TRAP）而易患 DDAR 风险。
我们的研究结果支持“过敏性鼻炎的胎儿起源”假说，表明宫内和产后早期暴露于空气污染在儿童 DDAR 中起重要作用。
