Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/@NeeladriSen.
Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2023 Aug;81:102640. doi: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102640. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
Proteins provide the basis for cellular function. Having multiple versions of the same protein within a single organism provides a way of regulating its activity or developing novel functions. Post-translational modifications of proteins, by means of adding/removing chemical groups to amino acids, allow for a well-regulated and controlled way of generating functionally distinct protein species. Alternative splicing is another method with which organisms possibly generate new isoforms. Additionally, gene duplication events throughout evolution generate multiple paralogs of the same genes, resulting in multiple versions of the same protein within an organism. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in the study of these three methods of protein diversification and provide illustrative examples of how they affect protein structure and function.
蛋白质为细胞功能提供基础。在单个生物体中存在同一种蛋白质的多个版本为调节其活性或开发新功能提供了一种途径。通过向氨基酸添加/去除化学基团对蛋白质进行翻译后修饰，允许以一种受良好调控和控制的方式生成具有不同功能的蛋白质物种。蛋白质的另一种可变剪接方法是生物体可能产生新的同工型的方法。此外，在进化过程中的基因复制事件会产生相同基因的多个旁系同源物，从而导致生物体中存在同一蛋白质的多个版本。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了研究这三种蛋白质多样化方法的最新进展，并提供了它们如何影响蛋白质结构和功能的说明性示例。
