Department of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2023 Dec;81:101885. doi: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101885. Epub 2023 May 29.
Worrying, self-esteem, sleep problems, anomalous internal experiences, reasoning biases, and interpersonal sensitivity are associated with paranoia. However, no review has examined whether these variables function as predictors of paranoia in everyday life. The present systematic review of intensive longitudinal studies (e.g., experience sampling) examined contemporaneous and time-lagged associations between paranoia and each candidate mechanism in individuals with non-affective psychosis and controls (pre-registration: https://osf.io/uwr9d).
We searched electronic databases, PsyArXiv, and reference lists for studies published since 1994.
Of n = 5,918 results, n = 54 fulfilled inclusion criteria (n = 43 datasets). Most studies examined individuals with non-affective psychosis (n = 34). Strong evidence emerged for negative affect (subsumed under 'anomalous internal experiences') and sleep problems. For self-esteem, results suggest contemporaneous and lagged effects on paranoia but associations are likely driven by between-person variance. The low number of studies (n = 2 studies each) allowed no conclusions regarding worrying and reasoning biases. Findings on interpersonal sensitivity, which should be interpreted with caution because of the predictor's conceptual overlap with paranoia, indicate contemporaneous effects whereas time-lagged and within-person associations could not be judged due to insufficient data.
The present review used a narrative data-synthetization and it did not cover outcomes such as hallucinations.
Despite convincing evidence for affect and sleep problems, it remains unclear whether affective states are precursors or also consequences of paranoia (vicious circle), and which of the actigraphy measures (sleep time, -efficiency, -fragmentation, etc.) best predicts paranoia.
担忧、自尊、睡眠问题、异常内部体验、推理偏差和人际敏感与偏执有关。然而，尚无综述研究检查这些变量是否可作为非情感性精神病患者和对照组个体日常生活中偏执的预测因子。本系统综述对密集纵向研究（例如，经验采样）进行了审查，以检查偏执与非情感性精神病患者和对照组个体中每个候选机制之间的同时和时间滞后关联（预先注册：https://osf.io/uwr9d）。
我们检索了电子数据库、PsyArXiv 和参考文献列表，以查找自 1994 年以来发表的研究。
在 n=5918 项结果中，n=54 项符合纳入标准（n=43 个数据集）。大多数研究都检查了非情感性精神病患者（n=34）。强有力的证据表明，负性情绪（归入“异常内部体验”）和睡眠问题与偏执有关。对于自尊，结果表明对偏执有同时和滞后影响，但关联可能是由个体间差异驱动的。由于研究数量较少（每项预测因子各有 2 项研究），因此无法得出关于担忧和推理偏差的结论。人际敏感性的研究结果表明存在同时效应，而由于数据不足，无法判断时间滞后和个体内关联，应该谨慎解释，因为该预测因子与偏执的概念重叠。
本综述使用了叙述性数据综合方法，并且没有涵盖幻觉等结果。
尽管有令人信服的证据表明情绪和睡眠问题与偏执有关，但情绪状态是偏执的前兆还是后果（恶性循环），以及哪种活动记录仪测量值（睡眠时间、效率、碎片化等）最能预测偏执仍不清楚。
