Marcotuli Ilaria, Mandrone Manuela, Chiocchio Ilaria, Poli Ferruccio, Gadaleta Agata, Ferrara Giuseppe
Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.
Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Jun 8;14:1192350. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1192350. eCollection 2023.
In figs, reproductive biology comprises cultivars requiring or not pollination, with female trees (edible fig) and male trees (caprifig) bearing different types of fruits. Metabolomic and genetic studies may clarify bud differentiation mechanisms behind the different fruits. We used a targeted metabolomic analysis and genetic investigation through RNA sequence and candidate gene investigation to perform a deep analysis of buds of two fig cultivars, 'Petrelli' (San Pedro type) and 'Dottato' (Common type), and one caprifig. In this work, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H NMR-based metabolomics) has been used to analyze and compare buds of the caprifig and the two fig cultivars collected at different times of the season. Metabolomic data of buds collected on the caprifig, 'Petrelli', and 'Dottato' were treated individually, building three separate orthogonal partial least squared (OPLS) models, using the "y" variable as the sampling time to allow the identification of the correlations among metabolomic profiles of buds. The sampling times revealed different patterns between caprifig and the two edible fig cultivars. A significant amount of glucose and fructose was found in 'Petrelli', differently from 'Dottato', in the buds in June, suggesting that these sugars not only are used by the ripening brebas of 'Petrelli' but also are directed toward the developing buds on the current year shoot for either a main crop (fruit in the current season) or a breba (fruit in the successive season). Genetic characterization through the RNA-seq of buds and comparison with the literature allowed the identification of 473 downregulated genes, with 22 only in profichi, and 391 upregulated genes, with 21 only in mammoni.
在无花果中，生殖生物学包括需要授粉或不需要授粉的品种，雌树（食用无花果）和雄树（授粉榕）结出不同类型的果实。代谢组学和遗传学研究可能会阐明不同果实背后的芽分化机制。我们通过RNA测序和候选基因研究进行靶向代谢组学分析和基因调查，对两个无花果品种‘Petrelli’（圣佩德罗类型）和‘Dottato’（普通类型）以及一棵授粉榕的芽进行深入分析。在这项工作中，质子核磁共振（基于1H NMR的代谢组学）已被用于分析和比较在季节不同时间收集的授粉榕和这两个无花果品种的芽。对在授粉榕、‘Petrelli’和‘Dottato’上收集的芽的代谢组学数据进行单独处理，构建三个独立的正交偏最小二乘法（OPLS）模型，使用“y”变量作为采样时间，以确定芽的代谢组学谱之间的相关性。采样时间揭示了授粉榕与两个食用无花果品种之间的不同模式。6月时，在‘Petrelli’的芽中发现了大量葡萄糖和果糖，这与‘Dottato’不同，表明这些糖不仅被‘Petrelli’成熟的夏果利用，还被导向当年新梢上发育的芽，用于主季作物（当季果实）或夏果（下一季果实）。通过芽的RNA测序进行遗传特征分析并与文献比较，鉴定出473个下调基因，其中22个仅在profichi中出现，以及391个上调基因，其中21个仅在mammoni中出现。
