Amor Antonio M, Verdugo Miguel Á, Fernández María, Aza Alba, Sánchez-Gómez Victoria, Wolowiec Zofia
Institute for Community Inclusion, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain.
Department of Personality, Assessment, and Psychological Treatments, Faculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, 37005 Salamanca, Spain.
Behav Sci (Basel). 2023 May 30;13(6):452. doi: 10.3390/bs13060452.
The implications of the individual quality of life (QoL) model of Schalock and Verdugo have made it the most cited QoL model in the field of disability. The QoL model is understood as a conceptual and applied framework for action that allows the materialization of the rights of persons with disabilities through the multidimensional assessment of these persons using QoL indicators, and the development of actions guided by these values and supported by evidence. The purpose of this work is to present the foundations of this model and offer a step-by-step guide to developing standardized QoL assessment instruments and providing evidence that supports their use to implement the model in practice. This paper explores relevant topics such as: (a) the need to identify critical population groups and contexts; (b) the identification of QoL indicators for said groups and contexts; (c) the development of items focused on the assessment of personal outcomes; (d) provision to the items of validity evidence based on content and pilot measure design and (e) validation process to gather evidence that supports the uses of the instrument. Last, a framework that allows using the evidence on personal outcomes as disaggregated and aggregated data at different levels of the social system is presented, thus highlighting the role of the model as a change agent regarding individuals, organizations and schools, and public policy.
沙洛克和韦尔杜戈的个人生活质量（QoL）模型的影响使其成为残疾领域引用最多的生活质量模型。生活质量模型被理解为一个概念性和应用性的行动框架，它通过使用生活质量指标对残疾人进行多维度评估，并在这些价值观的指导下开展有证据支持的行动，从而实现残疾人的权利。这项工作的目的是介绍该模型的基础，并提供一份逐步指南，指导如何开发标准化的生活质量评估工具，以及提供支持在实践中使用这些工具来实施该模型的证据。本文探讨了相关主题，如：（a）识别关键人群和背景的必要性；（b）为上述人群和背景识别生活质量指标；（c）开发侧重于个人结果评估的项目；（d）根据内容和试点测量设计为项目提供效度证据；以及（e）收集支持该工具使用的证据的验证过程。最后，本文提出了一个框架，该框架允许将个人结果的证据作为社会系统不同层面的分类和汇总数据来使用，从而突出该模型作为个人、组织和学校以及公共政策变革推动者的作用。
