Centre for Aquaculture and Seafood Development, Fisheries and Marine Institute, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5R3, Canada.
Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1C 5S7, Canada.
Mar Drugs. 2023 Jun 20;21(6):366. doi: 10.3390/md21060366.
Green extraction methods using a combination of mechanical, enzymatic, and green chemical treatments were evaluated for the sequential extraction of carotenoid pigments, protein, and chitin from crab processing discards. Key objectives included avoiding the use of hazardous chemical solvents, conducting as close to a 100% green extraction as possible, and developing simple processes to facilitate implementation into processing plants without the need for complicated and expensive equipment. Three crab bio-products were obtained: pigmented vegetable oil, pigmented protein powder, and chitin. Carotenoid extractions were performed using vegetable oils (corn, canola, and sunflower oils), giving between 24.85% and 37.93% astaxanthin recovery. Citric acid was used to demineralize the remaining material and afforded a pigmented protein powder. Three different proteases were used to deproteinate and isolate chitin in yields between 17.06% and 19.15%. The chitin was still highly colored and therefore decolorization was attempted using hydrogen peroxide. Characterization studies were conducted on each of the crab bio-products isolated including powder X-ray diffraction analysis on the chitin (80.18% crystallinity index, CI, achieved using green methods). Overall, three valuable bio-products could be obtained but further research is needed to obtain pigment-free chitin in an environmentally friendly manner.
采用机械、酶和绿色化学处理相结合的绿色提取方法，从蟹加工废弃物中顺序提取类胡萝卜素色素、蛋白质和壳聚糖。主要目标包括避免使用危险的化学溶剂，尽可能接近 100%的绿色提取，以及开发简单的工艺，便于在不需要复杂和昂贵设备的情况下在加工厂实施。获得了三种蟹生物制品：色素蔬菜油、色素蛋白粉和壳聚糖。使用植物油（玉米油、菜籽油和葵花籽油）进行类胡萝卜素提取，虾青素回收率在 24.85%至 37.93%之间。柠檬酸用于脱矿质，得到色素蛋白粉。使用三种不同的蛋白酶脱蛋白并分离壳聚糖，产率在 17.06%至 19.15%之间。壳聚糖仍然颜色很深，因此尝试使用过氧化氢进行脱色。对分离得到的每一种蟹生物制品进行了特性研究，包括壳聚糖的粉末 X 射线衍射分析（使用绿色方法获得 80.18%的结晶度指数，CI）。总的来说，可以得到三种有价值的生物制品，但需要进一步研究以环保的方式获得无色素的壳聚糖。
