Department of Work and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany.
Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia.
Appl Ergon. 2023 Oct;112:104077. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104077. Epub 2023 Jun 25.
Serious games and virtual reality offer engaging learning opportunities and a cost-effective solution within an immersive and safe environment for safety training in construction. However, there have been few examples of safety training for work at heights developed using these technologies, especially commercial training. To fill this literature gap, a new VR-based safety training was developed and compared with lecture-based training across time. We conducted a quasi-experiment with a non-equivalent group design with 102 workers from six construction sites in Colombia. Learning objectives, observations from training centers, and national regulations were considered during the design of the training methods. Training outcomes were assessed using Kirkpatrick's model. We found that both training approaches were effective in improving knowledge test results and self-reported attitudes in the short-term; and risk-perception, self-reported behavior and safety climate in the long-term. In particular, participants of the VR-based training got significantly higher results in knowledge and reported higher attitudes (commitment and motivation) than participants of the lecture-based training. We suggest that safety managers and practitioners should invest in VR using serious games as an alternative to training programs based on short-term outcomes. Future work is needed to test VR for long-term outcomes.
严肃游戏和虚拟现实为建筑安全培训提供了引人入胜的学习机会和具有成本效益的解决方案，同时还能在沉浸式和安全的环境中进行。然而，使用这些技术开发针对高空作业的安全培训的例子很少，尤其是商业培训。为了填补这一文献空白，我们开发了一种新的基于虚拟现实的安全培训，并与基于讲座的培训进行了时间上的比较。我们在哥伦比亚的六个建筑工地对 102 名工人进行了一项具有非等效组设计的准实验。在设计培训方法时，考虑了学习目标、培训中心的观察结果和国家法规。使用柯克帕特里克模型评估了培训结果。我们发现，两种培训方法都能有效提高知识测试结果和短期自我报告态度，以及长期风险感知、自我报告行为和安全氛围。特别是，基于虚拟现实培训的参与者在知识方面的得分明显高于基于讲座培训的参与者，并且报告的态度（承诺和动机）更高。我们建议安全经理和从业者应投资于使用严肃游戏的虚拟现实，作为基于短期结果的培训计划的替代方案。未来需要进行研究来测试虚拟现实的长期效果。
