Gourtsoyianni Sofia, Laniado Michael, Ros-Mendoza Luis, Mansueto Giancarlo, Zamboni Giulia A
1st Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Areteion Hospital, 76, Vas. Sophias Ave., 11528 Athens, Greece.
Institute and Policlinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
Diagnostics (Basel). 2023 Jun 20;13(12):2120. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13122120.
Cross-sectional imaging of the upper abdomen, especially if intravenous contrast has been administered, will most likely reveal any acute or chronic disease harbored in the spleen. Unless imaging is performed with the specific purpose of evaluating the spleen or characterizing a known splenic lesion, incidentally discovered splenic lesions pose a small challenge. Solitary benign splenic lesions include cysts, hemangiomas, sclerosing angiomatous nodular transformation (SANT), hamartomas, and abscesses, among others. Sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, although predominantly diffuse micronodular disease processes, may also present as a solitary splenic mass lesion. In addition, infarction and rupture, both traumatic and spontaneous, may take place in the spleen. This review aims to describe the imaging features of the most common benign focal splenic lesions, with emphasis on the imaging findings as these are encountered on routine cross-sectional imaging from a multicenter pool of cases that, coupled with clinical information, can allow a definite diagnosis.
上腹部的横断面成像，尤其是在已给予静脉造影剂的情况下，很可能会显示脾脏中存在的任何急性或慢性疾病。除非进行成像的特定目的是评估脾脏或对已知的脾脏病变进行特征描述，否则偶然发现的脾脏病变带来的挑战较小。孤立性良性脾脏病变包括囊肿、血管瘤、硬化性血管瘤样结节性转化（SANT）、错构瘤和脓肿等。结节病和结核病虽然主要是弥漫性微结节性病变过程，但也可能表现为孤立性脾脏肿块病变。此外，脾脏可能发生梗死和破裂，包括外伤性和自发性的。本综述旨在描述最常见的良性局灶性脾脏病变的影像学特征，重点是在多中心病例库的常规横断面成像中遇到的影像学表现，结合临床信息可做出明确诊断。
