Fiore Marco, Minni Antonio, Cavalcanti Luca, Raponi Giammarco, Puggioni Gianluca, Mattia Alessandro, Gariglio Sara, Colizza Andrea, Meliante Piero Giuseppe, Zoccali Federica, Tarani Luigi, Barbato Christian, Lucarelli Marco, Ceci Flavio Maria, Francati Silvia, Ferraguti Giampiero, Ceccanti Mauro, Petrella Carla
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC-CNR), Sapienza University Hospital Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Roma, Italy.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Jun 7;12(6):1233. doi: 10.3390/antiox12061233.
Alcohol consumption is associated with oxidative stress and an increased risk of carcinoma of the upper aero-digestive tract (UADT). Recently, it has been found that some microorganisms in the human oral cavity may locally metabolize ethanol, forming acetaldehyde, a carcinogenic metabolite of alcohol. In a cohort of patients first visited for UADT cancers, we estimated their alcohol consumption by measuring Ethyl Glucuronide/EtG (a long-lasting metabolite of ethanol) in the hair and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin/CDT (short-term index of alcohol intake) in the serum. Moreover, we analyzed, by culture-based methods, the presence of , , , and (microorganisms generating acetaldehyde) in the oral cavity. According to the EtG values, we correlated drinking alcohol with endogenous oxidative stress and the investigated microorganism's presence. We found that 55% of heavy drinkers presented microorganisms generating acetaldehyde locally. Moreover, we found that the presence of oral acetaldehyde-producing bacteria correlates with increased oxidative stress compared to patients without such bacteria. As for the study of alcohol dehydrogenase gene polymorphisms (the enzyme that transforms alcohol to acetaldehyde), we found that only the "CGTCGTCCC" haplotype was more frequent in the general population than in carcinoma patients. This pilot study suggests the importance of estimating alcohol consumption (EtG), the presence of bacteria producing acetaldehyde, and oxidative stress as risk factors for the onset of oral carcinomas.
饮酒与氧化应激以及上消化道（UADT）癌风险增加有关。最近，人们发现人类口腔中的一些微生物可能会在局部将乙醇代谢为乙醛，乙醛是酒精的一种致癌代谢产物。在一组首次因UADT癌症就诊的患者中，我们通过测量头发中的乙基葡萄糖醛酸苷/EtG（乙醇的一种长效代谢产物）和血清中的缺糖转铁蛋白/CDT（酒精摄入的短期指标）来估计他们的饮酒量。此外，我们通过基于培养的方法分析口腔中产生乙醛的微生物、、、和的存在情况。根据EtG值，我们将饮酒与内源性氧化应激以及所研究微生物的存在进行关联。我们发现55%的重度饮酒者口腔中存在产生乙醛的微生物。此外，我们发现与没有此类细菌的患者相比，口腔中产生乙醛的细菌的存在与氧化应激增加相关。至于对酒精脱氢酶基因多态性（将酒精转化为乙醛的酶）的研究，我们发现只有“CGTCGTCCC”单倍型在普通人群中比在癌症患者中更常见。这项初步研究表明，估计饮酒量（EtG）、产生乙醛的细菌的存在以及氧化应激作为口腔癌发病风险因素的重要性。
