Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10591, USA.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 8;24(12):9914. doi: 10.3390/ijms24129914.
RNA biology has gained extensive recognition in the last two decades due to the identification of novel transcriptomic elements and molecular functions. Cancer arises, in part, due to the accumulation of mutations that greatly contribute to genomic instability. However, the identification of differential gene expression patterns of wild-type loci has exceeded the boundaries of mutational study and has significantly contributed to the identification of molecular mechanisms that drive carcinogenic transformation. Non-coding RNA molecules have provided a novel avenue of exploration, providing additional routes for evaluating genomic and epigenomic regulation. Of particular focus, long non-coding RNA molecule expression has been demonstrated to govern and direct cellular activity, thus evidencing a correlation between aberrant long non-coding RNA expression and the pathological transformation of cells. lncRNA classification, structure, function, and therapeutic utilization have expanded cancer studies and molecular targeting, and understanding the lncRNA interactome aids in defining the unique transcriptomic signatures of cancer cell phenotypes.
在过去的二十年中，由于新型转录组元件和分子功能的鉴定，RNA 生物学得到了广泛的认可。癌症的发生部分归因于导致基因组不稳定的大量突变的积累。然而，野生型基因座差异基因表达模式的鉴定已经超出了突变研究的范围，并为鉴定驱动致癌转化的分子机制做出了重要贡献。非编码 RNA 分子为探索提供了一条新途径，为评估基因组和表观基因组调控提供了更多途径。特别值得关注的是，长非编码 RNA 分子的表达被证明可以控制和指导细胞活性，因此表明异常长非编码 RNA 表达与细胞的病理性转化之间存在相关性。lncRNA 的分类、结构、功能和治疗应用扩展了癌症研究和分子靶向，并且对 lncRNA 相互作用组的理解有助于定义癌症细胞表型的独特转录组特征。
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