Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jun 18;24(12):10296. doi: 10.3390/ijms241210296.
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a glycosaminoglycan widely distributed in the human body, especially in body fluids and the extracellular matrix of tissues. It plays a crucial role not only in maintaining tissue hydration but also in cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and the inflammatory response. HA has demonstrated its efficacy as a powerful bioactive molecule not only for skin antiaging but also in atherosclerosis, cancer, and other pathological conditions. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, and non-immunogenicity, several HA-based biomedical products have been developed. There is an increasing focus on optimizing HA production processes to achieve high-quality, efficient, and cost-effective products. This review discusses HA's structure, properties, and production through microbial fermentation. Furthermore, it highlights the bioactive applications of HA in emerging sectors of biomedicine.
透明质酸（HA）是一种广泛存在于人体中的糖胺聚糖，尤其存在于体液和组织的细胞外基质中。它不仅在维持组织水合作用方面发挥着关键作用，而且在细胞增殖、分化和炎症反应等过程中也起着重要作用。HA 作为一种强大的生物活性分子，不仅在皮肤抗衰老方面表现出了其功效，而且在动脉粥样硬化、癌症和其他病理状况方面也表现出了其功效。由于其生物相容性、可生物降解性、无毒和非免疫原性，已经开发出了几种基于 HA 的生物医学产品。人们越来越关注优化 HA 生产工艺，以实现高质量、高效和具有成本效益的产品。本文通过微生物发酵讨论了 HA 的结构、性质和生产，还强调了 HA 在生物医学新兴领域中的生物活性应用。
