Centro de Investigación Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Eugenio Espejo, Universidad UTE, Quito 170527, Ecuador.
School of Medicine, Universidad Católica Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil 090615, Ecuador.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 13;15(12):2728. doi: 10.3390/nu15122728.
The very-low-calorie KD (VLCKD) is characterized by a caloric intake of under 800 kcal/day divided into less than 50 g/day of carbohydrate (13%) and 1 to 1.5 g of protein/kg of body weight (44%) and 43% of fat. This low carbohydrate intake changes the energy source from glucose to ketone bodies. Moreover, clinical trials have consistently shown a beneficial effect of VLCKD in several diseases, such as heart failure, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's, and obesity, among others. The gut microbiota has been associated with the metabolic conditions of a person and is regulated by diet interactions; furthermore, it has been shown that the microbiota has a role in body weight homeostasis by regulating metabolism, appetite, and energy. Currently, there is increasing evidence of an association between gut microbiota dysbiosis and the pathophysiology of obesity. In addition, the molecular pathways, the role of metabolites, and how microbiota modulation could be beneficial remain unclear, and more research is needed. The objective of the present article is to contribute with an overview of the impact that VLCKD has on the intestinal microbiota composition of individuals with obesity through a literature review describing the latest research regarding the topic and highlighting which bacteria phyla are associated with obesity and VLCKD.
极低卡路里 KD（VLCKD）的特点是每天摄入的热量低于 800 卡路里，其中碳水化合物摄入量低于 50 克/天（占 13%），蛋白质摄入量为 1 至 1.5 克/公斤体重（占 44%），脂肪摄入量为 43%。这种低碳水化合物的摄入将能量来源从葡萄糖转变为酮体。此外，临床试验一致表明，VLCKD 在多种疾病中具有有益作用，如心力衰竭、精神分裂症、多发性硬化症、帕金森病和肥胖症等。肠道微生物群与一个人的代谢状况有关，并受饮食相互作用的调节；此外，已经表明，微生物群通过调节代谢、食欲和能量在体重平衡中发挥作用。目前，越来越多的证据表明肠道微生物群失调与肥胖的病理生理学之间存在关联。此外，分子途径、代谢物的作用以及微生物群调节如何有益仍然不清楚，需要更多的研究。本文的目的是通过文献综述，概述 VLCKD 对肥胖个体肠道微生物群组成的影响，描述该主题的最新研究，并强调与肥胖和 VLCKD 相关的细菌门。
