Food Science Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszynskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland.
Nutrients. 2023 Jun 13;15(12):2734. doi: 10.3390/nu15122734.
Vitamin B12 plays a key role in DNA stability. Research indicates that vitamin B12 deficiency leads to indirect DNA damage, and vitamin B12 supplementation may reverse this effect. Vitamin B12 acts as a cofactor for enzymes such as methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, which are involved in DNA methylation and nucleotide synthesis. These processes are essential for DNA replication and transcription, and any impairment can result in genetic instability. In addition, vitamin B12 has antioxidant properties that help protect DNA from damage caused by reactive oxygen species. This protection is achieved by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress. In addition to their protective functions, cobalamins can also generate DNA-damaging radicals in vitro that can be useful in scientific research. Research is also being conducted on the use of vitamin B12 in medicine as vectors for xenobiotics. In summary, vitamin B12 is an essential micronutrient that plays a vital role in DNA stability. It acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in the synthesis of nucleotides, has antioxidant properties and has potential value as a generator of DNA-damaging radicals and drug transporters.
维生素 B12 在 DNA 稳定性中起着关键作用。研究表明，维生素 B12 缺乏会导致间接的 DNA 损伤，而维生素 B12 补充可能会逆转这种影响。维生素 B12 作为蛋氨酸合成酶和甲基丙二酰辅酶 A 变位酶等酶的辅助因子，这些酶参与 DNA 甲基化和核苷酸合成。这些过程对于 DNA 复制和转录至关重要，任何损伤都可能导致遗传不稳定。此外，维生素 B12 具有抗氧化特性，可以帮助保护 DNA 免受活性氧引起的损伤。这种保护是通过清除自由基和减少氧化应激来实现的。除了它们的保护功能外，钴胺素还可以在体外产生破坏 DNA 的自由基，这在科学研究中可能很有用。目前还在研究维生素 B12 在医学上作为外源性物质载体的用途。总之，维生素 B12 是一种必需的微量营养素，在 DNA 稳定性中起着至关重要的作用。它作为参与核苷酸合成的酶的辅助因子，具有抗氧化特性，并且作为破坏 DNA 的自由基和药物转运体的生成剂具有潜在价值。
