用于食品应用的噬菌体输送系统:机遇与展望。
Bacteriophage Delivery Systems for Food Applications: Opportunities and Perspectives.
机构信息
Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
出版信息
Viruses. 2023 May 29;15(6):1271. doi: 10.3390/v15061271.
Currently, one-third of all food produced worldwide is wasted or lost, and bacterial contamination is one of the main reasons. Moreover, foodborne diseases are a severe problem, causing more than 420,000 deaths and nearly 600 million illnesses yearly, demanding more attention to food safety. Thus, new solutions need to be explored to tackle these problems. A possible solution for bacterial contamination is using bacteriophages (phages), which are harmless to humans; these natural viruses can be used to prevent or reduce food contamination by foodborne pathogens. In this regard, several studies showed the effectiveness of phages against bacteria. However, when used in their free form, phages can lose infectivity, decreasing the application in foods. To overcome this problem, new delivery systems are being studied to incorporate phages and ensure prolonged activity and controlled release in food systems. This review focuses on the existent and new phage delivery systems applied in the food industry to promote food safety. Initially, an overview of phages, their main advantages, and challenges is presented, followed by the different delivery systems, focused in methodologies, and biomaterials that can be used. In the end, examples of phage applications in foods are disclosed and future perspectives are approached.
目前,全球三分之一的食物被浪费或损失,细菌污染是主要原因之一。此外,食源性疾病是一个严重的问题,每年导致超过 42 万人死亡和近 6 亿人生病,因此需要更加关注食品安全。因此,需要探索新的解决方案来解决这些问题。一种可能的细菌污染解决方案是使用噬菌体(phages),它们对人类无害;这些天然病毒可用于预防或减少食源性病原体对食物的污染。在这方面,多项研究表明噬菌体对细菌的有效性。然而,当以游离形式使用时,噬菌体可能会失去感染力,从而降低了在食品中的应用。为了克服这个问题,正在研究新的输送系统以将噬菌体纳入其中,并确保在食品系统中延长活性和控制释放。本综述重点介绍了应用于食品工业以促进食品安全的现有和新型噬菌体输送系统。首先,概述了噬菌体的主要优点和挑战,然后介绍了不同的输送系统,重点介绍了可用于输送系统的方法和生物材料。最后,揭示了噬菌体在食品中的应用实例,并探讨了未来的前景。
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