Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2023;1412:73-95. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-28012-2_4.
The dire state of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has had a substantial psychological impact on society.
A systematic search was performed through Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological health of individuals in various countries. Subgroup analyses considered gender and classification of countries into three continents of America, Europe, and Asia. Only studies that used the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) questionnaire as a tool to assess mental distress were included in this meta-analysis. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed by I statistic, and the random-effects model was utilized to obtain the pooled prevalence.
This pooled analysis included a large data sample of 21 studies consisting of 94,414 participants. The pooled prevalence of the psychological distress during the time of COVID-19 pandemic by CPDI for the continent of Asia was 43% (34.6% mild-to-moderate and 8.4% severe) which was greater than that for Europe (35%; 30% mild-to-moderate and 5% severe) but lower than that for America (64.3%; 45.8% mild to moderate and 18.5% severe). In addition, the prevalence of psychological distress according to CPDI was higher in females (48%; 40% mild to moderate, 13% severe) compared with males (59%; 36% mild to moderate and 5% severe).
Our findings suggest that psychological distress in the Americas is a larger problem than in Asia and European continents. Females appear to be more vulnerable and may therefore require further attention in terms of preventive and management strategies. Implementation of both digital and molecular biomarkers is encouraged to increase objectivity and accuracy of assessing the dynamic changes in mental health in the current and future pandemics.
冠状病毒病（COVID-19）疫情的严峻形势对社会造成了重大心理影响。
通过 Medline、PubMed、Embase、Scopus 和 Web of Science 进行系统检索，调查 COVID-19 大流行对不同国家个人心理健康的影响。亚组分析考虑了性别以及将国家分为美洲、欧洲和亚洲三个大陆。本荟萃分析仅纳入使用 COVID-19 创伤后应激障碍指数（CPDI）问卷作为评估精神困扰工具的研究。通过 I 统计量评估研究间的异质性，并采用随机效应模型获得汇总患病率。
本荟萃分析纳入了由 21 项研究组成的大样本数据，共纳入 94414 名参与者。通过 CPDI 评估 COVID-19 大流行期间亚洲大陆的心理困扰患病率为 43%（34.6%为轻度至中度，8.4%为重度），高于欧洲（35%；30%为轻度至中度，5%为重度），但低于美洲（64.3%；45.8%为轻度至中度，18.5%为重度）。此外，根据 CPDI，女性（48%；40%为轻度至中度，13%为重度）心理困扰的患病率高于男性（59%；36%为轻度至中度，5%为重度）。
我们的研究结果表明，美洲的心理困扰问题比亚洲和欧洲大陆更为严重。女性似乎更为脆弱，因此可能需要进一步关注预防和管理策略。鼓励实施数字和分子生物标志物，以提高评估当前和未来大流行期间心理健康动态变化的客观性和准确性。
