Department of Big Data in Health Science, and Center for Clinical Big Data and Statistics, the Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Front Public Health. 2023 Jun 13;11:1210800. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1210800. eCollection 2023.
Specific underlying diseases were reported to be associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes, but little is known about their combined associations. The study was aimed to assess the relations of number of and specific underlying diseases to COVID-19, severe symptoms, loss of smell, and loss of taste.
A total of 28,204 adult participants in the National Health Interview Survey 2021 were included. Underlying diseases (including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, endocrine diseases, respiratory diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases, liver and kidney diseases, fatigue syndrome, and sensory impairments), the history of COVID-19, and its symptoms were self-reported by structured questionnaires. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the combined relation of total number of underlying diseases to COVID-19 and its symptoms, while mutually adjusted logistic models were used to examine their independent associations.
Among the 28,204 participants (mean ± standard deviation: 48.2 ± 18.5 years), each additional underlying disease was related to 33, 20, 37, and 39% higher odds of COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR]: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-1.37), severe symptoms (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12-1.29), loss of smell (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.29-1.46), and loss of taste (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.31-1.49). In addition, independent associations of sensory impairments with COVID-19 (OR: 3.73, 95% CI: 3.44-4.05), severe symptoms (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.13-1.67), loss of smell (OR: 8.17, 95% CI: 6.86-9.76), and loss of taste (OR: 6.13, 95% CI: 5.19-7.25), cardiovascular diseases with COVID-19 (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.24), neuropsychiatric diseases with severe symptoms (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.15-1.74), and endocrine diseases with loss of taste (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.05-1.56) were observed.
A larger number of underlying diseases were related to higher odds of COVID-19, severe symptoms, loss of smell, and loss of taste in a dose-response manner. Specific underlying diseases might be individually associated with COVID-19 and its symptoms.
有报道称，特定的基础疾病与严重的 COVID-19 结局有关，但对它们的综合关联知之甚少。本研究旨在评估基础疾病数量和特定基础疾病与 COVID-19、严重症状、嗅觉丧失和味觉丧失的关系。
共纳入 28204 名参加 2021 年全国健康访谈调查的成年参与者。基础疾病（包括心血管疾病、癌症、内分泌疾病、呼吸系统疾病、神经精神疾病、肝肾疾病、疲劳综合征和感觉障碍）、COVID-19 病史及其症状由结构化问卷自行报告。多变量逻辑回归模型用于评估基础疾病总数与 COVID-19 及其症状的综合关系，而相互调整的逻辑模型用于检查它们的独立关联。
在 28204 名参与者（平均±标准差：48.2±18.5 岁）中，每增加一种基础疾病，COVID-19（比值比 [OR]：1.33，95%置信区间 [CI]：1.29-1.37）、严重症状（OR：1.20，95%CI：1.12-1.29）、嗅觉丧失（OR：1.37，95%CI：1.29-1.46）和味觉丧失（OR：1.39，95%CI：1.31-1.49）的几率分别增加 33%、20%、37%和 39%。此外，感觉障碍与 COVID-19（OR：3.73，95%CI：3.44-4.05）、严重症状（OR：1.37，95%CI：1.13-1.67）、嗅觉丧失（OR：8.17，95%CI：6.86-9.76）和味觉丧失（OR：6.13，95%CI：5.19-7.25）、心血管疾病与 COVID-19（OR：1.13，95%CI：1.03-1.24）、神经精神疾病与严重症状（OR：1.41，95%CI：1.15-1.74）、内分泌疾病与味觉丧失（OR：1.28，95%CI：1.05-1.56）独立相关。
基础疾病数量越多，COVID-19、严重症状、嗅觉丧失和味觉丧失的几率就越高，呈剂量反应关系。特定的基础疾病可能与 COVID-19 及其症状单独相关。
