Baba Sana Khurshid, Baba Sadaf Khursheed, Mir Rashid, Elfaki Imadeldin, Algehainy Naseh, Ullah Mohammad Fahad, Barnawi Jameel, Altemani Faisal H, Alanazi Mohammad, Mustafa Syed Khalid, Masoodi Tariq, Akil Ammira S Alshabeeb, Bhat Ajaz A, Macha Muzafar A
Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, India.
Department of Microbiology, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Science (SKIMS), Soura, Kashmir, India.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jun 13;11:1164301. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1164301. eCollection 2023.
Cancer is a devastating disease and the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with cancer metastasis responsible for 90% of cancer-related deaths. Cancer metastasis is a multistep process characterized by spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor and acquiring molecular and phenotypic changes that enable them to expand and colonize in distant organs. Despite recent advancements, the underlying molecular mechanism(s) of cancer metastasis is limited and requires further exploration. In addition to genetic alterations, epigenetic changes have been demonstrated to play an important role in the development of cancer metastasis. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are considered one of the most critical epigenetic regulators. By regulating signaling pathways and acting as decoys, guides, and scaffolds, they modulate key molecules in every step of cancer metastasis such as dissemination of carcinoma cells, intravascular transit, and metastatic colonization. Gaining a good knowledge of the detailed molecular basis underlying lncRNAs regulating cancer metastasis may provide previously unknown therapeutic and diagnostic lncRNAs for patients with metastatic disease. In this review, we concentrate on the molecular mechanisms underlying lncRNAs in the regulation of cancer metastasis, the cross-talk with metabolic reprogramming, modulating cancer cell anoikis resistance, influencing metastatic microenvironment, and the interaction with pre-metastatic niche formation. In addition, we also discuss the clinical utility and therapeutic potential of lncRNAs for cancer treatment. Finally, we also represent areas for future research in this rapidly developing field.
癌症是一种毁灭性的疾病，是全球发病和死亡的主要原因，其中90%的癌症相关死亡是由癌症转移导致的。癌症转移是一个多步骤过程，其特征是癌细胞从原发肿瘤扩散，并获得分子和表型变化，使其能够在远处器官中增殖和定植。尽管最近取得了进展，但癌症转移的潜在分子机制仍然有限，需要进一步探索。除了基因改变外，表观遗传变化已被证明在癌症转移的发展中起重要作用。长链非编码RNA（lncRNA）被认为是最关键的表观遗传调节因子之一。通过调节信号通路并充当诱饵、向导和支架，它们在癌症转移的每个步骤中调节关键分子，如癌细胞的播散、血管内运输和转移定植。深入了解lncRNA调节癌症转移的详细分子基础，可能为转移性疾病患者提供以前未知的治疗和诊断性lncRNA。在这篇综述中，我们专注于lncRNA在调节癌症转移、与代谢重编程的相互作用、调节癌细胞失巢凋亡抗性、影响转移微环境以及与前转移小生境形成的相互作用等方面的分子机制。此外，我们还讨论了lncRNA在癌症治疗中的临床应用和治疗潜力。最后，我们还介绍了这个快速发展领域未来的研究方向。
