Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India.
Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Government College for Women, Nawa-Kadal, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023 Jul 3;39(9):241. doi: 10.1007/s11274-023-03652-x.
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) are a global environmental concern that encompasses public health issues, water availability, and water quality owing to the production of various secondary metabolites (SMs), including cyanotoxins in freshwater, brackish water, and marine ecosystems. The frequency, extent, magnitude, and duration of CHABs are increasing globally. Cyanobacterial species traits and changing environmental conditions, including anthropogenic pressure, eutrophication, and global climate change, together allow cyanobacteria to thrive. The cyanotoxins include a diverse range of low molecular weight compounds with varying biochemical properties and modes of action. With the application of modern molecular biology techniques, many important aspects of cyanobacteria are being elucidated, including aspects of their diversity, gene-environment interactions, and genes that express cyanotoxins. The toxicological, environmental, and economic impacts of CHABs strongly advocate the need for continuing, extensive efforts to monitor cyanobacterial growth and to understand the mechanisms regulating species composition and cyanotoxin biosynthesis. In this review, we critically examined the genomic organization of some cyanobacterial species that lead to the production of cyanotoxins and their characteristic properties discovered to date.
蓝藻有害藻华 (CHABs) 是一个全球性的环境问题，由于各种次生代谢物 (SMs) 的产生，包括淡水、半咸水和海洋生态系统中的蓝藻毒素，涉及到公共卫生问题、水的供应和水质。CHABs 的频率、范围、规模和持续时间在全球范围内都在增加。蓝藻物种的特征和不断变化的环境条件，包括人为压力、富营养化和全球气候变化，共同使蓝藻得以繁衍生息。蓝藻毒素包括一系列具有不同生化特性和作用方式的低分子量化合物。随着现代分子生物学技术的应用，许多关于蓝藻的重要方面正在被阐明，包括它们的多样性、基因-环境相互作用以及表达蓝藻毒素的基因。CHABs 的毒理学、环境和经济影响强烈呼吁需要继续进行广泛的努力来监测蓝藻的生长，并了解调节物种组成和蓝藻毒素生物合成的机制。在这篇综述中，我们批判性地研究了一些导致蓝藻毒素产生的蓝藻物种的基因组组织及其迄今为止发现的特征性质。
