Estimation of Interleukin 32 and Interleukin 37 Serum Levels in Iraqi Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune condition characterized by persistent inflammation in synovial joints. Interleukine-32 (IL32) is known to have significant pro-inflammatory effects in RA, and IL37 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that reduces the immune response and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate serum levels of IL32 and IL73 in RA patients. The sample included 50 patients (46 females and four males) with RA and 40 healthy controls. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected serum levels of IL32 and IL37. The disease parameters' activity was measured by the clinical disease activity index, and the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was measured by the Westergren method. Moreover, C-Reactive protein, Rheumatoid factor, and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide antibodies were measured using the ELISA. The results showed elevated serum levels of IL32 and IL37 in patients with RA (<0.05). The mean duration of RA in most patients was <12 years, and the level of disease activity among the cases group was mainly moderate (70%). There was no significant difference between the mean levels of IL32 and IL37 in patients with RA. This study showed that although IL32 and IL37 played an essential role in RA pathogenesis, there was no significant correlation between serum levels of IL32 and IL37 and disease duration or activity.