Uribe-Querol Eileen, Romero-Romero Laura, Govezensky Tzipe, Rosales Carlos
Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Departamento de Patología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
Front Vet Sci. 2023 Jun 16;10:1187271. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1187271. eCollection 2023.
In veterinary medicine, cancer is the leading cause of death in companion animals, and mammary gland tumors represent the most common neoplasm in female dogs. Several epidemiological risk factors, such as age, breed, hormones, diet, and obesity have been reported to be relevant for canine mammary tumors. Nowadays, the gold standard for diagnosis of canine mammary tumors is the pathological examination of the suspected tissue. However, tumor grade can only be assessed after surgical removal or biopsy of the altered tissue. Therefore, in cases of tumors that could be surgically removed, it would be very helpful to be able to predict the biological behavior of the tumor, before performing any surgery. Since, inflammation constitutes part of the tumor microenvironment and it influences each step of tumorigenesis, cellular and biochemical blood markers of systemic inflammation, such as the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the albumin to globulin ratio (AGR) have been proposed as prognostic factors for human cancer development. The NLR and the AGR have not been explored enough as prognostic factors for cancer development in veterinary medicine.
To determine the prognostic value of NLR in canine mammary tumors, clinical records including biochemistry and hematological studies of female dogs with mammary tumors and of control healthy dogs, were used to determine the pre-treatment NLR and AGR. Other clinical data included age, breed, tumor size, histological tumor grade, and survival time after surgery.
It was found that a higher pre-treatment NLR value (NLR > 5) associates with less survival rate. In contrast, the AGR did not show any predictive value on the malignancy of the tumor. However, by combining the NLR with AGR, age of the dog, and tumor size in a principal component analysis (PCA), the grade of the tumor and survival after surgery could be appropriately predicted. These data strongly suggest that pre-treatment NLR values have a prognostic value for the survival rate after surgery of dogs with mammary tumors.
在兽医学中，癌症是伴侣动物死亡的主要原因，乳腺肿瘤是雌性犬最常见的肿瘤。据报道，年龄、品种、激素、饮食和肥胖等几种流行病学风险因素与犬乳腺肿瘤有关。如今，犬乳腺肿瘤诊断的金标准是对可疑组织进行病理检查。然而，肿瘤分级只能在手术切除或对病变组织进行活检后才能评估。因此，对于可以手术切除的肿瘤病例，在进行任何手术之前能够预测肿瘤的生物学行为将非常有帮助。由于炎症是肿瘤微环境的一部分，并且它影响肿瘤发生的每个步骤，全身炎症的细胞和生化血液标志物，如中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）和白蛋白与球蛋白比值（AGR）已被提议作为人类癌症发展的预后因素。NLR和AGR作为兽医学中癌症发展的预后因素尚未得到充分研究。
为了确定NLR在犬乳腺肿瘤中的预后价值，使用包括患有乳腺肿瘤的雌性犬和对照健康犬的生化和血液学研究的临床记录来确定治疗前的NLR和AGR。其他临床数据包括年龄、品种、肿瘤大小、组织学肿瘤分级和手术后的生存时间。
发现治疗前较高的NLR值（NLR>5）与较低的生存率相关。相比之下，AGR对肿瘤的恶性程度没有显示出任何预测价值。然而，通过在主成分分析（PCA）中将NLR与AGR、犬的年龄和肿瘤大小相结合，可以适当预测肿瘤分级和手术后的生存情况。这些数据强烈表明，治疗前的NLR值对患有乳腺肿瘤的犬手术后的生存率具有预后价值。
