Abrams Kenneth L, Ward Daniel A, Sabiniewicz Agnieszka, Hummel Thomas
Veterinary Ophthalmology Services, North Kingstown, Rhode Island, USA.
Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Vet Ophthalmol. 2024 Mar;27(2):127-138. doi: 10.1111/vop.13121. Epub 2023 Jul 3.
To evaluate olfaction in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) compared with sighted dogs and blind dogs without SARDS as control groups.
Forty client-owned dogs.
Olfactory threshold testing was performed on three groups: SARDS, sighted, and blind/non-SARDS using eugenol as the test odorant. The olfactory threshold was determined when subjects indicated the detection of a specific eugenol concentration with behavioral responses. Olfactory threshold, age, body weight, and environmental room factors were evaluated.
Sixteen dogs with SARDS, 12 sighted dogs, and 12 blind/non-SARDS dogs demonstrated mean olfactory threshold pen numbers of 2.8 (SD = 1.4), 13.8 (SD = 1.4), and 13.4 (SD = 1.1), respectively, which correspond to actual mean concentrations of 0.017 g/mL, 1.7 × 10 g/mL and 4.26 × 10 g/mL, respectively. Dogs with SARDS had significantly poorer olfactory threshold scores compared with the two control groups (p < .001), with no difference between the control groups (p = .5). Age, weight, and room environment did not differ between the three groups.
Dogs with SARDS have severely decreased olfaction capabilities compared with sighted dogs and blind/non-SARDS dogs. This finding supports the suspicion that SARDS is a systemic disease causing blindness, endocrinopathy, and hyposmia. Since the molecular pathways are similar in photoreceptors, olfactory receptors, and steroidogenesis with all using G-protein coupled receptors in the cell membrane, the cause of SARDS may exist at the G-protein associated interactions with intracellular cyclic nucleotides. Further investigations into G-protein coupled receptors pathway and canine olfactory receptor genes in SARDS patients may be valuable in revealing the cause of SARDS.
评估患有突发性获得性视网膜变性综合征（SARDS）的犬类的嗅觉，并与作为对照组的视力正常的犬类和无SARDS的盲犬进行比较。
40只客户拥有的犬类。
使用丁香酚作为测试气味剂，对三组犬进行嗅觉阈值测试：SARDS组、视力正常组和盲/非SARDS组。当受试对象通过行为反应表明检测到特定丁香酚浓度时，确定嗅觉阈值。评估嗅觉阈值、年龄、体重和环境室因素。
16只患有SARDS的犬、12只视力正常的犬和12只盲/非SARDS犬的平均嗅觉阈值对数分别为2.8（标准差=1.4）、13.8（标准差=1.4）和13.4（标准差=1.1），分别对应实际平均浓度0.017 g/mL、1.7×10 g/mL和4.26×10 g/mL。与两个对照组相比，患有SARDS的犬的嗅觉阈值得分显著更低（p<0.001），对照组之间无差异（p=0.5）。三组之间的年龄、体重和室内环境没有差异。
与视力正常的犬和盲/非SARDS犬相比，患有SARDS的犬的嗅觉能力严重下降。这一发现支持了SARDS是一种导致失明、内分泌病和嗅觉减退的全身性疾病的怀疑。由于光感受器、嗅觉感受器和类固醇生成中的分子途径相似，均在细胞膜中使用G蛋白偶联受体，SARDS的病因可能存在于与细胞内环核苷酸相关的G蛋白相互作用中。对SARDS患者的G蛋白偶联受体途径和犬类嗅觉受体基因进行进一步研究，可能有助于揭示SARDS的病因。
